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Table 1 Baseline demographic characteristics of study population

From: A 12-week evaluation of annatto tocotrienol supplementation for postmenopausal women: safety, quality of life, body composition, physical activity, and nutrient intake

Variables

Placebo

Low TT

High TT

P value

Number

28

29

30

 

Age [y]

59.4±6.3

58.5±6.7

61.2±7.2

0.431

Weight [kg]

74.3±17.9

76.3±14.8

74.3±16.8

0.680

Height [cm]

160.0±6.2

163.7±6.5

155.6±27.1

0.107

Body mass index [kg/m2]

28.9±6.5

28.5±5.0

28.8±5.8

0.986

Bone mineral density [T-score]

 Femoral Neck

−1.66±0.65

−1.52±0.82

−1.34±1.17

0.795

 Trochanter

−1.06±0.95

−1.04±0.79

−0.85±1.30

0.945

 Total spine

0.79±0.89

−0.87±0.85

−0.53±1.10

0.654

 L1-L4

−0.67±0.99

−0.72±1.17

0.59±1.23

0.919

Serum 25 (OH)D [ng/mL]

35.79±9.13

35.45±9.70

34.27±9.97

0.634

Serum TSH [mIU/L]

2.25±1.01

2.45±1.46

2.52±1.71

0.944

Serum HbA1c [%]

5.66±0.35

5.81±0.34

5.56±0.36

0.011

Medical history [n (%)]

 Broken bone as adult

6 (21.43)

7 (24.14)

8 (26.67)

0.897

 Osteoarthritis

3 (12.00)

5 (20.83)

3 (11.54)

0.584

 Diabetes

2 (7.14)

2 (6.90)

0 (0.00)

0.331

 Asthma

4 (14.29)

3 (10.34)

2 (6.67)

0.636

 Use of HRT in the past 2 yr

10 (35.71)

8 (27.59)

6 (20.00)

0.409

 Steroid or glucocorticoid use

5 (17.86)

4 (13.79)

3 (10.00)

0.687

 Prescribed osteoporosis drugs

1 (3.57)

4 (13.79)

7 (23.33)

0.093

  1. All data are mean ± standard deviation unless otherwise specified
  2. HbA1c hemoglobin A1c, High TT tocotrienol supplementation at 860 mg daily (70% purity); HRT hormone replacement treatment, Low TT tocotrienol supplementation at 430 mg daily (70% purity), TSH thyroid stimulating hormone, 25(OH)D 25-hydroxy-vitamin D