Phenolic profile, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, anti-ulcerogenic and hepatoprotective activities of Pimenta racemosa leaves

Table 5 Antinociceptive activity of P. racemosa leaves AME and tramadol on thermal pain in mice

Group Dose (mg/kg b.wt.)	basal	1 h			2 h
Group Dose (mg/kg b.wt.)	Latency (s)	Latency (s)	Change %	Potency	Latency(s)	Change %	Potency
Saline	23.84 ± 0.27	23.07 ± 0.6	3.23	–	19.48 ± 0.62	18.29	–
Tramadol (20)	23.21 ± 0.81	22.72 ± 0.9	2.11	1	31.48 ± 0.4*^@	35.63	1
AME
175	23.01 ± 0.7	22.67 ± 0.81	1.48	0.7	24.46 ± 0.2	6.3	0.17
350	23.60 ± 0.42	23.52 ± 0.73	0.34	0.2	25.82 ± 0.7	9.4	0.26
700	22.90 ± 0.5	28.23 ± 0.8*^@	23.28	11	33.24 ± 0.44*^@	45.15	1.2

Data represent the mean value ±. S.E. (n + 6); n = 6
^*Significantly difference from normal group at same time interval measurement P ≤ 0.05; ^@ Significantly different from corresponding group at zero time interval measurement P ≤ 0.05; Potency was calculated as regard the percentage change of the tramadol

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