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Fig. 4 | BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Fig. 4

From: Phenolic profile, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, anti-ulcerogenic and hepatoprotective activities of Pimenta racemosa leaves

Fig. 4

Hepatoprotective activity of P. racemosa leaves AME. a, b A photomicrograph of a control group liver section showing normal hepatic architecture with well-arranged hepatic cords, the central vein (CV) and hepatic cords of hepatocytes (H) with prominent nucleus (N) separated with blood sinusoids (S). No evidence of necrosis or inflammatory reaction in the portal area could be observed (H&E X 100 & 200). c A photomicrograph of positive control liver section showed disorganization of hepatic cords associated with sporadic cell necrosis (H&E X 400). d, e A photomicrograph of positive control liver section showed centri lobular as well as focal area of hepatocellular necrosis infiltrated by mononuclear cells (H&E X 400). f A photomicrograph of positive control liver section showed portal areas were intensely infiltration with inflammatory cells mostly mononuclear cells (H&E X 400). g, h A photomicrograph of a liver section rats treated with AME of P. racemosa leaves (125 mg/kg b.wt.) showed diffuse vacuolar degeneration of hepatocytes and mild portal infiltration with inflammatory cells (H&E X 400). i A photomicrograph of liver section treated with AME of P. racemosa leaves (250 mg/kg b.wt.) showed alteration nearly similar to those of the control one with focal sinusoidal dilatation and increased number of binucleated hepatocytes (H&E X 400). j A photomicrograph of a liver section rats treated with AME of P. racemosa leaves (250 mg/kg b.wt.) showed portal area appeared normal with no inflammatory cell infiltration (H&E.X.400). k A photomicrograph of a liver section rats treated with AME of P. racemosa leaves (500 mg/kg b.wt.) showed mild vacuolation of hepatocellular cytoplasm, activation of kupffer cells and increase number of binucleated hepatocytes. Portal area showed hyperplasia of biliary epithelium and formation of newly formed bile ductuoles (H&E X 400)

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