Table 1 Baseline demographic and general characteristics
| Â | RA | SA | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
Demographic characteristics | |||
 Female | 12 (85.7) | 14 (91.7) | 0.5977a |
 Age(years) | 49.6 ± 12.7 | 50.0 ± 10.5 | 0.9348b |
 Height(cm) | 159.2 ± 8.0 | 158.3 ± 5.8 | 0.7486b |
 Weight(kg) | 61.5 ± 12.2 | 59.3 ± 9.6 | 0.5893b |
 BMI | 21.1 ± 2.7 | 23.6 ± 3.1 | 0.6767b |
Breakfast(times/week) | |||
  ≥ 5 | 5 (35.7) | 10 (66.7) | 0.2601a |
 3–4 | 6 (42.9) | 4 (26.7) |  |
 0–2 | 3 (21.4) | 1 (6.7) |  |
Mealtime | |||
 Regular | 2 (14.3) | 7 (46.7) | 0.1086a |
 Irregular | 12 (85.7) | 8 (53.3) |  |
Whole-grain intake | 3 (21.4) | 2 (13.3) | 0.6513a |
Exercise | 7 (50.0) | 11 (73.3) | 0.1956c |
Smoking | 2 (14.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0.2241a |
Drinking | 4 (28.6) | 3 (20.0) | 0.6817a |
Past medication use | 1 (7.1) | 5 (33.3) | 0.1686a |