In vitro evaluation of the synergistic antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the combined extracts from Malaysian Ganoderma lucidum and Egyptian Chlorella vulgaris

Table 2 The observed and expected values of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the combined extract

In vitro antioxidant models
		TAC (mg Asc eq/ g extract)	Effect	NO scavenging activity (IC₅₀, μg/mL)	Effect	DPPH scavenging activity (IC₅₀, μg/mL)	Effect	Reducing power (IC₅₀, μg/mL)	Effect	Superoxide scavenging activity (IC₅₀, μg/mL)	Effect
GLE-CVE	OV	301.00 ± 1.00 ^a	Sy	46.12 ± 2.92 ^a	Sy	29.48 ± 1.45 ^a	Sy	103.47 ± 2.04 ^a	An	30.01 ± 3.45 ^a	Sy
	EV	38.83 ± 2.16^b	Sy	1111.02 ± 128.75^b	Sy	169.29 ± 9.36^b	Sy	71.98 ± 1.99^b		660.73 ± 14.92^b	Sy
		Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity (IC₅₀, μg/mL)			Effect	Anti-Lipid peroxidation activity (IC₅₀, μg/mL)					Effect
	OV	131.6 ± 5.42 ^a			Sy	54.15 ± 2.45 ^a					Ad
	EV	213.18 ± 2.13^b			Sy	51.49 ± 0.96^a					Ad
Inflammatory mediators
		NO (nmol/mL)	Effect	iNOS (Expression)	Effect	COX-2 (Expression)	Effect	NF-кB (Expression)	Effect	TNF-α (mmol/mL)	Effect
GLE-CVE	OV	39.26 ± 4.37 ^a	Sy	0.146 ± 0.006 ^a	Sy	0.056 ± 0.001 ^a	Sy	0.49 ± 0.015 ^a	Sy	242.88 ± 18.5 ^a	Sy
GLE-CVE	EV	52.08 ± 1.08^b	Sy	1.29 ± 0.29^b	Sy	0.18 ± 0.002^b	Sy	0.85 ± 0.038^b	Sy	422.04 ± 2.65^b	Sy
Oxidative stress parameters
		Lipid peroxidation (nmoL/mL)	Effect	GSH (nmoL/mL)	Effect	Superoxide dismutase (SOD, IU/mg protein)	Effect	Glutathione peroxidase (GPX, IU/mg protein)	Effect	Glutathione reductase (GR, IU/mg protein)	Effect
GLE-CVE	OV	7.29 ± 0.84 ^a	Sy	0.59 ± 0.01 ^a	Sy	0.66 ± 0.0002 ^a	Sy	0.07 ± 0.001 ^a	Sy	3.25 ± 0.06 ^a	Ad
GLE-CVE	EV	59.58 ± 1.62^b	Sy	0.48 ± 0.0002^b	Sy	0.63 ± 0.002^b	Sy	0.06 ± 0.0001^b	Sy	3.19 ± 0.02^a	Ad

Data are expressed as Mean ± S.E. GLE-CVE; combined extractof Malaysian Ganodermalucidum and Egyptian Chlorella vulgaris extracts, OV; observed value, EV; expected value, Sy; synergistic effect, Ad; additive effect, An; antagonistic effect. Different letters between each OV and EV within the same column are significantly different at p < 0.05

ISSN: 2662-7671