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Table 2 The observed and expected values of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the combined extract

From: In vitro evaluation of the synergistic antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the combined extracts from Malaysian Ganoderma lucidum and Egyptian Chlorella vulgaris

In vitro antioxidant models

  

TAC

(mg Asc eq/ g extract)

Effect

NO scavenging activity

(IC50, μg/mL)

Effect

DPPH scavenging activity

(IC50, μg/mL)

Effect

Reducing power

(IC50, μg/mL)

Effect

Superoxide scavenging activity

(IC50, μg/mL)

Effect

GLE-CVE

OV

301.00 ± 1.00 a

Sy

46.12 ± 2.92 a

Sy

29.48 ± 1.45 a

Sy

103.47 ± 2.04 a

An

30.01 ± 3.45 a

Sy

EV

38.83 ± 2.16b

1111.02 ± 128.75b

169.29 ± 9.36b

71.98 ± 1.99b

 

660.73 ± 14.92b

 

Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity (IC50, μg/mL)

Effect

Anti-Lipid peroxidation activity

(IC50, μg/mL)

Effect

OV

131.6 ± 5.42 a

Sy

54.15 ± 2.45 a

Ad

EV

213.18 ± 2.13b

51.49 ± 0.96a

Inflammatory mediators

  

NO

(nmol/mL)

Effect

iNOS

(Expression)

Effect

COX-2

(Expression)

Effect

NF-кB

(Expression)

Effect

TNF-α

(mmol/mL)

Effect

GLE-CVE

OV

39.26 ± 4.37 a

Sy

0.146 ± 0.006 a

Sy

0.056 ± 0.001 a

Sy

0.49 ± 0.015 a

Sy

242.88 ± 18.5 a

Sy

EV

52.08 ± 1.08b

1.29 ± 0.29b

0.18 ± 0.002b

0.85 ± 0.038b

422.04 ± 2.65b

Oxidative stress parameters

  

Lipid peroxidation

(nmoL/mL)

Effect

GSH

(nmoL/mL)

Effect

Superoxide dismutase (SOD, IU/mg protein)

Effect

Glutathione peroxidase (GPX, IU/mg protein)

Effect

Glutathione reductase (GR, IU/mg protein)

Effect

GLE-CVE

OV

7.29 ± 0.84 a

Sy

0.59 ± 0.01 a

Sy

0.66 ± 0.0002 a

Sy

0.07 ± 0.001 a

Sy

3.25 ± 0.06 a

Ad

EV

59.58 ± 1.62b

0.48 ± 0.0002b

0.63 ± 0.002b

0.06 ± 0.0001b

3.19 ± 0.02a

  1. Data are expressed as Mean ± S.E. GLE-CVE; combined extractof Malaysian Ganodermalucidum and Egyptian Chlorella vulgaris extracts, OV; observed value, EV; expected value, Sy; synergistic effect, Ad; additive effect, An; antagonistic effect. Different letters between each OV and EV within the same column are significantly different at p < 0.05