Table 3 Secondary outcomes at week 12: group means and mean group differences with 95% confidence interval (CI), adjusted for respective baseline value
From: Pulsatile dry cupping in chronic low back pain – a randomized three-armed controlled clinical trial
Cupping (n = 33) | Minimal Cupping (n = 32) | Control (n = 31) | Control vs. Cupping | Control vs. Minimal Cupping | Minimal Cupping vs. Cupping | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (95% CI) | Mean (95% CI) | Mean (95% CI) | Mean difference (95% CI) | p-value | Mean difference (95% CI) | p-value | Mean (95% CI) | p-value | |
VAS pain intensitya | 38.0 (29.5;46.5) | 41.7 (33.1;50.2) | 53.1 (44.8;61.4) | 15.1 (3.1;27.1) | 0.014 | 11.5 (− 0.44;23.4) | 0.059 | 3.7 (−8.6;15.9) | 0.554 |
FFbH-Rb | 76.0 (71.6;80.4) | 75.6 (71.1;80.1) | 70.6 (66.2;75.0) | −5.4 (−11.7;0.8) | 0.088 | −5.0 (− 11.3;1.4) | 0.122 | −0.4 (−8.8;5.9) | 0.890 |
SF-36b | |||||||||
Physical Component Summary | 44.9 (42.3;47.6) | 41.1 (38.3;43.8) | 38.8 (36.1;41.1) | −6.1 (−9.9;-2.4) | 0.002 | −2.3 (−6.1;1.5) | 0.237 | −3.8 (−7.7;-0.03) | 0.048 |
Mental Component Summary | 46.7 (43.2;50.1) | 45.8 (42.2;49.3) | 48.4 (45.0;51.8) | 1.8 (−3.1;6.6) | 0.477 | 2.6 (−2.3;7.6) | 0.291 | −0.9 (−5.8;4.0) | 0.719 |
SF-36 subscalesb | |||||||||
General health | 61.0 (56.5;65.5) | 56.2 (51.5;60.9) | 51.6 (47.1;56.1) | −9.4 (−15.8;-3.0) | 0.004 | −4.6 (−11.2;2.0) | 0.167 | −7.8 (− 11.3;1.8) | 0.152 |
Mental health | 68.6 (63.6;73.6) | 64.8 (59.7;70.0) | 67.4 (62.4;72.4) | −1.2 (−8.3;5.8) | 0.732 | 2.4 (−4.6;9.7) | 0.486 | −3.7 (−10.9;3.4) | 0.302 |
Bodily pain | 58.1 (51.7;64.6) | 48.9 (42.2;55.5) | 46.0 (39.5;52.3) | −12.2 (−21.3;-3.1) | 0.009 | −2.9 (− 12.1;6.4) | 0.539 | −9.3 (− 18.5;-0.03) | 0.049 |
Physical functioning | 75.2 (68.3;82.1) | 74.3 (67.2;81.4) | 67.4 (60.5;74.3) | −7.8 (−17.5;1.9) | 0.114 | −6.9 (−16.9;3.0) | 0.167 | −0.9 (− 10.8;9.1) | 0.863 |
Role: Emotional | 69.0 (55.9;82.1) | 68.5 (54.9;82.1) | 73.0 (59.9;86.2) | 4.1 (−14.5;22.6) | 0.665 | 4.5 (−14.4;23.4) | 0.634 | −0.5 (−19.4;18.4) | 0.959 |
Role: Physical | 71.0 (58.8;83.3) | 49.8 (37.2;62.5) | 55.0 (42.7;67.2) | −16.1 (−33.4;1.3) | 0.069 | 5.1 (−12.5;22.7) | 0.563 | −21.2 (− 38.8;-3.6) | 0.019 |
Social functioning | 75.0 (67.4;82.5) | 70.4 (62.5;78.2) | 74.7 (67.1;82.3) | −0.3 (−11.0;10.5) | 0.960 | 4.3 (−6.7;15.4) | 0.435 | −4.6 (−15.5;6.3) | 0.403 |
Vitality | 50.9 (45.5;56.4) | 47.8 (42.2;53.4) | 46.8 (41.4;52.2) | −4.1 (−11.8;3.5) | 0.286 | −1.0 (−8.8;6.8) | 0.799 | −3.2 (− 10.9;4.6) | 0.424 |