Fig. 5

Effects of ethanol extract of Coicis Semen (CSE) and 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) on protein expression as determined by western blot analysis. a Western blot analysis of the levels of ER stress markers (BiP and CHOP) after treatment with CSE (200 or 300 μg/mL) for 24 h or 48 h with or without 1 mM 4-PBA in Chang liver cells, (b) Quantitative graph showing the levels of BiP and (c) CHOP. Tunicamycin (TM, 2 μg/mL) was used as the positive control, and 1 mM 4-PBA was used to inhibit ER stress. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM from at least three independent experiments and were compared with the vehicle control [0.5% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)]. *: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01. β-Actin was used as the control