Table 1 Inhibitory activities of Chinese herbs extract on A(H1N1) influenza virus neuraminidase
No. | Positive control and Botanical name | Botanical part | Extract | Inhibition (%)a | IC50b | Voucher No. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
– | Zanamivir | – | – | 99.8 | 0.05 | – |
1 | Melaphis chinensis (Bell)Baker | cecidium | MeOH | 103.6 | 4.1 | MCB091101 |
2 | Amomurn villosum Lour. | fruit | MeOH | 92.2 | 4.9 | CG20080829 |
3 | Sanguisorba officinalis L. | root | MeOH | 100.8 | 5.1 | SOL091101 |
4 | Melaphis chinensis (Bell)Baker | cecidium | EtOAc | 99.3 | 5.3 | MCB091101 |
5 | Flos Caryophylli | flowers | MeOH | 94.1 | 9.1 | SA091101 |
6 | Areca catechu Linn | fruit | MeOH | 85.1 | 19.3 | ACL091101 |
7 | Artemisia capillaries Thunb | whole plant | MeOH | 91.3 | 19.4 | ACT091101 |
8 | Terminalia chebula Retz | fruit | EtOAc | 78.4 | 20.3 | TCR091101 |
9 | Duchesnea indica (Andr.) Focke | whole plant | EtOAc | 69.1 | 23.3 | DIF091101 |
10 | Terminalia chebula Retz. | fruit | MeOH | 68 | 24.3 | TCR091101 |
10 | Murraya exotica L. | stem and leaves | MeOH | 65.7 | 28.9 | MEL091101 |
11 | Geranium carolinianum L. | whole plant | MeOH | 64.8 | 28.9 | GCL091101 |
12 | Polygonum cuspidatum | rhizome | EtOAc | 63.9 | 29.8 | PC091101 |
13 | Saposhnikovia divaricata (Turez.) Schischk. | root | EtOAc | 53.1 | 37.3 | SDS091101 |
14 | Callicarpa formosana Rolfe | fruit | MeOH | 47.9 | NTd | CFR091103 |
15 | Gardenia jasminoides Ellis | fruit | MeOH | 46.6 | NT | GJE091101 |
16 | Duchesnea indica (Andr.) Focke | whole plant | EtOAc | 46.1 | NT | DIF091101 |
17 | Rosa laevigata Michx. | stem and leaves | EtOAc | 45.8 | NT | RLM091103 |
18 | Euphorbia humifusa Willd. ex Schlecht. | whole plant | MeOH | 43.9 | NT | EHW091101 |
19 | Litchi chinensis Sonn. | seed | EtOAc | 43.9 | NT | LCS091101 |
20 | Punica granatum L. | fruit peel | MeOH | 43.4 | NT | PGL091101 |
21 | Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi | root | EtOAc | 41.3 | NT | SBG091101 |
22 | Amomum villosum Lour. | fruit | EtOAc | 40.5 | NT | CG20080829 |
23 | Geranium carolinianum L. | whole plant | EtOAc | 40.1 | NT | GCL091101 |
24 | Isatis indigotica Fort | stem and leaves | EtOAc | 40.1 | NT | IIF091103 |
25 | Onosma gmelinii Ledeb | root | EtOAc | 40 | NT | OGL091101 |
26 | Houttuynia cordata Thunb | whole plant | EtOAc | 38.5 | NT | HCT091101 |
27 | Altingia chinensis (Champ.) Oliver ex Hance | stem and leaves | EtOAc | 37.3 | NT | ACO091103 |
28 | Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Bent. | whole plant | EtOAc | 36.7 | NT | PCB091101 |
29 | Polygonum cuspidatum | rhizome | MeOH | 36.1 | NT | PC091101 |
30 | Punica granatum L. | fruit peel | EtOAc | 35.5 | NT | PGL091101 |
31 | Rosa laevigata Michx. | stem and leaves | MeOH | 34.4 | NT | RLM091103 |
32 | Dianella ensifolia (Linn.) Redouté | fruit | EtOAc | 31.5 | NT | DER091103 |
33 | Elsholtzia ciliata (Thunb.) Hyland. | whole plant | MeOH | 31.3 | NT | ECH091101 |
34 | Atractylodes Lancea (Thunb) DC. | root | EtOAc | 30.4 | NT | ALD091101 |
35 | Cynanchum otophyllum Schneid. | root | EtOAc | 29.3 | NT | COS091101 |
36 | Homalocladium platycladum (F. Muell.) Bailey | whole plant | MeOH | 29.1 | NT | HPB091101 |
37 | Cinnamomum cassia Presl | branch | MeOH | 28.9 | NT | CCP091101 |
38 | Elsholtzia ciliata (Thunb.) Hyland. | whole plant | EtOAc | 28.1 | NT | ECP091101 |
39 | Sarcandra glabra (Thunb.) Nakai | stem and leaves | EtOAc | 26.8 | NT | SGN091103 |
40 | Altingia chinensis (Champ.) Oliver ex Hance | stem and leaves | MeOH | 25.8 | NT | ACO091103 |
41 | Litchi chinensis Sonn. | seed | MeOH | 25.5 | NT | LCS091101 |
42 | Phellodendron chinense Schneid | bark | EtOAC | 25.4 | NT | PCS091101 |
43 | Euphorbia humifusa Willd. ex Schlecht. | whole plant | EtOAc | 23.6 | NT | EHW091101 |
44 | Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. | rhizome | EtOAc | 23.1 | NT | GUF091101 |
45 | Woodwardia japonica (L. f.) Sm. | rhizome | MeOH | 23 | NT | WJS091101 |
46 | Ardisia japonica (Thunb) Blume | whole plant | MeOH | 22.7 | NT | AJB091101 |
47 | Cinnamomum cassia Presl | branch | EtOAc | 22.7 | NT | CCP091101 |
48 | Equisetum hyemale L. | whole plant | EtOAc | 22.1 | NT | EHL091101 |
49 | Fraxinus rhynchophylla Hance | bark | EtOAc | 22.1 | NT | FRH091101 |
50 | Ardisia japonica (Thunb.) Blume | whole plant | EtOAc | 21.7 | NT | AJB091101 |
51 | Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees | whole plant | EtOAc | 20.8 | NT | APN091101 |
52 | Punica granatum Linn. | stem | EtOAc | 20.2 | NT | AGL091103 |
53 | Syzygium aromaticum | flowers | EtOAc | 19.5 | NT | SA091101 |
54 | Artemisia capillaris Thunb. | whole plant | EtOAc | 19.2 | NT | ACT091101 |
55 | Nepeta cataria L. | whole plant | MeOH | 18.9 | NT | NCL091101 |
56 | Lonicera japonica Thunb. | flowers | MeOH | 18 | NT | AJT091101 |
57 | Woodwardia japonica (L. f.) Sm. | rhizome | EtOAc | 17.9 | NT | WJS091101 |
58 | Nepeta cataria L. | whole plant | EtOAc | 17.4 | NT | NCL091101 |
59 | Dendranthema indicum (L.) Des Moul. | flowers | EtOAc | 16.5 | NT | DID091101 |
60 | Senecio scandens Buch. -Ham. ex D. Don | whole plant | MeOH | 16.3 | NT | SSB091101 |
61 | Onosma gmelinii Ledeb | root | MeOH | 15.9 | NT | OGL091101 |
62 | Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth. | fruit | MeOH | 15.5 | NT | ERB091101 |
63 | Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. | root | MeOH | 15.5 | NT | LCH091101 |
64 | Atractylodes Lancea (Thunb.) DC. | root | MeOH | 15.2 | NT | ALD091101 |
65 | Punica granatum L. | leaves | MeOH | 15 | NT | PGL091101 |
66 | Artemisia indices Willd. | leaves | MeOH | 14.8 | NT | AIW091101 |
67 | Serissa japonica (Thunb.) Thunb. | stem and leaves | EtOAc | 14.8 | NT | SJT091101 |
68 | Prunella vulgaris L. | whole plant | MeOH | 14.1 | NT | PVL091101 |
69 | Dicliptera chinensis (L.) Juss. | whole plant | MeOH | 14 | NT | DCJ091101 |
70 | Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. | rhizome | MeOH | 13.7 | NT | GUF091101 |
71 | Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco | leaves | EtOAc | 13.4 | NT | POF091101 |
72 | Angelica dahurica (Fisch. ex Hoffm.) Benth. | root | MeOH | 13.3 | NT | ADB091101 |
73 | Sarcandra glabra (Thunb.) Nakai | stem and leaves | MeOH | 13.3 | NT | SGN091101 |
74 | Cynanchum otophyllum Schneid. | root | MeOH | 13 | NT | COS091101 |
75 | Clerodendrum fortunatum Linn. | stem and leaves | EtOAc | 12.5 | NT | CFL091101 |
76 | Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi | root | MeOH | 12.2 | NT | SBG091101 |
77 | Sophora flavescens Alt. | root | MeOH | 11.6 | NT | SFA091101 |
78 | Paris verticillata M.Bieb. | rhizome | EtOAc | 11.4 | NT | PVM091101 |
79 | Semiaquilegia adoxoides (DC.) Makino | whole plant | EtOAc | 11.4 | NT | SAM091101 |
80 | Magnolia liliflora Desr. | flowers | EtOAc | 11.3 | NT | MLD091101 |
81 | Albizia julibrissin Durazz. | flowers | MeOH | NAc | NT | AJD091101 |
82 | Albizia julibrissin Durazz. | flowers | EtOAc | NA | NT | AJD091101 |
83 | Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees | whole plant | MeOH | NA | NT | APN091101 |
84 | Angelica dahurica (Fisch. ex Hoffm.) Benth. | root | EtOAc | NA | NT | ADB091101 |
85 | Arctium lappa L. | seed | MeOH | NA | NT | ALL091101 |
86 | Arctium lappa L. | seed | EtOAc | NA | NT | ALL091101 |
87 | Areca catechu Linn | fruit | EtOAc | NA | NT | ACL091101 |
88 | Artemisia argyi Levl. et Van. | leaves | MeOH | NA | NT | AAL091101 |
89 | Artemisia argyi Levl. et Van. | leaves | EtOAc | NA | NT | AAL091101 |
90 | Artemisia carvifolia Buch. -Ham. ex Roxb. | whole plant | EtOAc | NA | NT | ACB091101 |
91 | Artemisia carvifolia Buch. -Ham. ex Roxb. | whole plant | MeOH | NA | NT | ACB091101 |
92 | Artemisia indices Willd. | leaves | EtOAc | NA | NT | AIW091103 |
93 | Bidens pilosa Linn. | whole plant | EtOAc | NA | NT | BPL091103 |
94 | Bidens pilosa Linn. | whole plant | MeOH | NA | NT | BPL091103 |
95 | Bupleurum tenue Buch-Ham. ex D. Don | root | EtOAc | NA | NT | BTB091101 |
96 | Bupleurum tenue Buch-Ham. ex D. Don | root | MeOH | NA | NT | BTB091101 |
97 | Callicarpa formosana Rolfe | fruit | EtOAc | NA | NT | CFR091103 |
98 | Clerodendrum fortunatum Linn. | stem and leaves | MeOH | NA | NT | CFL091103 |
99 | Clinopodium megalanthum | seed | EtOAc | NA | NT | CMC091101 |
100 | Clinopodium megalanthum | seed | MeOH | NA | NT | CMC091101 |
101 | Crataegus pinnatifida Bge. | fruit | MeOH | NA | NT | CPB091101 |
102 | Crataegus pinnatifida Bge. | fruit | EtOAc | NA | NT | CPB091101 |
103 | Dendranthema indicum (L.) Des Moul. | flowers | MeOH | NA | NT | DID091101 |
104 | Dendranthema morifolium (Ramat.) Tzvel. | flowers | EtOAc | NA | NT | DMT091101 |
105 | Dendranthema morifolium (Ramat.) Tzvel. | flowers | MeOH | NA | NT | DMT091101 |
106 | Dianella ensifolia (Linn.) Redouté | fruit | MeOH | NA | NT | DER091103 |
107 | Dicliptera chinensis (L.) Juss. | whole plant | EtOAc | NA | NT | DCJ091103 |
108 | Duchesnea indica (Andr.) Focke | whole plant | MeOH | NA | NT | DIF091103 |
109 | Epaltes australis Less. | whole plant | EtOAc | NA | NT | EAL091101 |
110 | Epaltes australis Less. | whole plant | MeOH | NA | NT | EAL091101 |
111 | Equisetum hyemale L. | whole plant | MeOH | NA | NT | EHL091101 |
112 | Euchresta japonica Hook. f. ex Regel | root | EtOAc | NA | NT | EJH091101 |
113 | Euchresta japonica Hook. f. ex Regel | root | MeOH | NA | NT | EJH091101 |
114 | Eupatorium catarium Veldkamp | whole plant | MeOH | NA | NT | ECV091103 |
115 | Eupatorium catarium Veldkamp | whole plant | EtOAc | NA | NT | ECV091103 |
116 | Eupatorium fortunei Turcz. | whole plant | EtOAc | NA | NT | EFT091101 |
117 | Eupatorium fortunei Turcz. | whole plant | MeOH | NA | NT | EFT091101 |
118 | Eupolyphaga seu Steleophaga | insect | EtOAc | NA | NT | ESS091101 |
119 | Eupolyphaga seu Steleophaga | insect | MeOH | NA | NT | ESS091101 |
120 | Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth. | fruit | EtOAc | NA | NT | ERB091101 |
121 | Ficus hirta Vahl | leaves | MeOH | NA | NT | FHV091101 |
122 | Ficus hirta Vahl | leaves | EtOAc | NA | NT | FHV091101 |
123 | Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl | fruit | MeOH | NA | NT | FSV091101 |
124 | Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl | fruit | EtOAc | NA | NT | FSV091101 |
125 | Fraxinus rhynchophylla Hance | bark | MeOH | NA | NT | FRH091101 |
126 | Gardenia jasminoides Ellis | fruit | EtOAc | NA | NT | GJE091101 |
127 | Homalocladium platycladum (F. Muell.) Bailey | whole plant | EtOAc | NA | NT | HPB091103 |
128 | Homalomena occulta (Lour.) Schot | rhizome | MeOH | NA | NT | HOS091101 |
129 | Homalomena occulta (Lour.) Schot | rhizome | EtOAc | NA | NT | HOS091101 |
130 | Houttuynia cordata Thunb | whole plant | MeOH | NA | NT | HCT091101 |
131 | Ilex cornuta Lindl | stem | MeOH | NA | NT | ICL091103 |
132 | Ilex cornuta Lindl | stem | EtOAc | NA | NT | ICL091103 |
133 | Inula japonica Thunb. | flowers | MeOH | NA | NT | IJT091101 |
134 | Inula japonica Thunb. | flowers | EtOAc | NA | NT | IJT091101 |
135 | Isatis indigotica Fort | stem and leaves | MeOH | NA | NT | IIF091103 |
136 | Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. | root | EtOAc | NA | NT | LCH091101 |
137 | Lobelia chinensis Lour. | whole plant | MeOH | NA | NT | LCH091101 |
138 | Lobelia chinensis Lour. | whole plant | EtOAc | NA | NT | LCL091101 |
139 | Lonicera confusa (Sweet) DC. | stem and leaves | MeOH | NA | NT | LCD091103 |
140 | Lonicera confusa (Sweet) DC. | stem and leaves | EtOAc | NA | NT | LCD091103 |
141 | Lonicera japonica Thunb. | flowers | EtOAc | NA | NT | LJT091101 |
142 | Lonicera japonica Thunb. | stem and branch | MeOH | NA | NT | LJT091101 |
143 | Lonicera japonica Thunb. | stem and branch | EtOAc | NA | NT | LJT091101 |
144 | Lycium chinense Mill. | root bark | MeOH | NA | NT | LCM091101 |
145 | Lycium chinense Mill. | Root bark | EtOAc | NA | NT | LCM091101 |
146 | Magnolia liliflora Desr. | flowers | MeOH | NA | NT | MLD091101 |
147 | Melia azedarach L. | bark | EtOAc | NA | NT | MAL091103 |
148 | Melia azedarach L. | bark | MeOH | NA | NT | MAL091103 |
149 | Murraya exotica L. | stem and leaves | EtOAc | NA | NT | MEL091103 |
150 | Mussaenda pubescens Ait. f. | stem and leaves | EtOAc | NA | NT | MPA091103 |
151 | Mussaenda pubescens Ait. f. | stem and leaves | MeOH | NA | NT | MPA091103 |
152 | Paris verticillata M.Bieb. | rhizome | MeOH | NA | NT | PVM091101 |
153 | Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt. | flowers | EtOAc | NA | NT | PFB091103 |
154 | Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt. | flowers | MeOH | NA | NT | PFB091103 |
155 | Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn | root | EtOAc | NA | NT | PPD091101 |
156 | Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn | root | MeOH | NA | NT | PPD091101 |
157 | Phellodendron chinense Schneid | bark | MeOH | NA | NT | PCS091101 |
158 | Phytolacca acinosa Roxb. | root | EtOAc | NA | NT | PAR091101 |
159 | Phytolacca acinosa Roxb. | root | MeOH | NA | NT | PAR091101 |
160 | Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breit. | stem | MeOH | NA | NT | PTB091101 |
161 | Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breit. | stem | EtOAc | NA | NT | PTB091101 |
162 | Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco | leaves | MeOH | NA | NT | POF091101 |
163 | Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Bent. | whole plant | MeOH | NA | NT | PCB091101 |
164 | Prunella vulgaris L. | whole plant | EtOAc | NA | NT | PVL091101 |
165 | Punica granatum L. | leaves | EtOAc | NA | NT | PGL091103 |
166 | Punica granatum Linn. | stem | MeOH | NA | NT | PGL091103 |
167 | Sanguisorba officinalis L. | root | EtOAc | NA | NT | SOL091101 |
168 | Saposhnikovia divaricata (Trucz.) Schischk. | root | MeOH | NA | NT | SDS091101 |
169 | Scaphium wallichii Shott & Endl. | seed | MeOH | NA | NT | SWS091101 |
170 | Scaphium wallichii Shott & Endl. | seed | EtOAc | NA | NT | SWS091101 |
171 | Semiaquilegia adoxoides (DC.) Makino | whole plant | MeOH | NA | NT | SAM091101 |
172 | Senecio scandens Buch-Ham. ex D. Don | whole plant | EtOAc | NA | NT | SSB091101 |
173 | Serissa japonica (Thunb.) Thunb. | stem and leaves | MeOH | NA | NT | SJT091103 |
174 | Sophora flavescens Alt. | root | EtOAc | NA | NT | SFA091101 |
175 | Stemona japonica (Bl.) Miq. | root | MeOH | NA | NT | SJM091101 |
176 | Stemona japonica (Bl.) Miq. | root | EtOAc | NA | NT | SJM091101 |
177 | Strobilanthes cusia (Ness) W. Ktze. | stem and leaves | MeOH | NA | NT | SCW091101 |
178 | Strobilanthes cusia (Ness) W. Ktze. | stem and leaves | EtOAc | NA | NT | SCW091101 |
179 | Thlaspi arvense L. | whole plant | MeOH | NA | NT | TAL091103 |
180 | Thlaspi arvense L. | whole plant | EtOAc | NA | NT | TAL091103 |
181 | Turczaninovia fastigiata (Fisch.) DC. | flowers | MeOH | NA | NT | TFD091101 |
182 | Turczaninovia fastigiata (Fisch.) DC. | flowers | EtOAc | NA | NT | TFD091101 |
183 | Vitex trifolia L. | stem and leaves | EtOAc | NA | NT | VTL091103 |
184 | Vitex trifolia L. | stem and leaves | MeOH | NA | NT | VTL091103 |
185 | Wikstroemia indica (Linn.) C. A. Mey. | whole plant | MeOH | NA | NT | WIC091103 |
186 | Wikstroemia indica (Linn.) C. A. Mey. | whole plant | EtOAc | NA | NT | WIC091103 |
187 | Xanthium sibiricum Patrin ex Widder | fruit | EtOAc | NA | NT | XSP091103 |
188 | Xanthium sibiricum Patrin ex Widder | fruit | MeOH | NA | NT | XSP091103 |
189 | Zanthoxylum nitidum (Roxb.) DC. | root | MeOH | NA | NT | ZND091101 |
190 | Zanthoxylum nitidum (Roxb.) DC. | root | EtOAc | NA | NT | ZND091101 |