Fig. 3

FX-induced the activation of AMPK alleviates cell damage by oxidative stress. (a) FX induces phosphorylation of the proteins associated with AMPK pathway, ACC, LKB1 and AMPK. Western blot analyses were performed with the lysates of cells that had been treated with 30 μM FX for the indicated time period. β-actin served as a loading control. Protein levels were presented as relative band intensities to control (vehicle treated) group. Results represent the mean ± S.D. for three separate experiments. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001. (b) The effect of FX to restore ΔΨm was revered by C.C. Following treatment with 10 μM C.C for 1 h, cells were incubated with FX and/or AA + iron, and ΔΨm was evaluated with Rh123 stain by FACS. Data represent the mean ± S.D. for four replicates. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01