The mutagenic and antimutagenic activity of Sutherlandia frutescens extracts and marker compounds

Table 4 Mutagenicity testing of the pure compounds against the four S. typhimurium tester strains

Compound	*conc. (%)	TA97a		TA98		TA100		TA102
Compound	*conc. (%)	(-S9)	(+S9)	(-S9)	(+S9)	(-S9)	(+S9)	(-S9)	(+S9)
L-arginine	1	214 ± 3	204 ± 2	64 ± 3	68 ± 1	85 ± 3	87 ± 2	255 ± 3	263 ± 1
	2.5	167 ± 2	146 ± 2	64 ± 3	66 ± 3	72 ± 1	73 ± 4	236 ± 3	226 ± 2
	5	125 ± 2	113 ± 2	65 ± 4	60 ± 2	62 ± 2	68 ± 1	217 ± 3	206 ± 4
Spon. Revertants		223 ± 2	105 ± 3	37 ± 3	44 ± 3	105 ± 4	105 ± 2	293 ± 5	365 ± 3
L-canavanine	1	184 ± 3	187 ± 4	36 ± 2	102 ± 3	216 ± 4	284 ± 4	189 ± 5	294 ± 3
	2.5	155 ± 4	158 ± 3	34 ± 3	81 ± 3	182 ± 3	222 ± 3	168 ± 4	254 ± 3
	5	130 ± 4	145 ± 3	34 ± 3	59 ± 2	120 ± 3	201 ± 3	154 ± 4	189 ± 2
Spon. Revertants		196 ± 3	215 ± 4	51 ± 3	28 ± 2	204 ± 4	204 ± 4	270 ± 6	327 ± 4
D-pinitol	1	245 ± 4	200 ± 1	41 ± 3	97 ± 3	289 ± 5	312 ± 2	414 ± 2	460 ± 5
	2.5	205 ± 3	173 ± 2	42 ± 4	72 ± 2	275 ± 6	288 ± 6	395 ± 3	465 ± 3
	5	186 ± 4	158 ± 5	42 ± 2	54 ± 1	241 ± 4	267 ± 4	386 ± 4	467 ± 1
Spon. Revertants		173 ± 3	184 ± 3	42 ± 3	50 ± 1	204 ± 2	204 ± 2	378 ± 2	526 ± 4
GABA	1	230 ± 4	152 ± 8	24 ± 1	117 ± 3	233 ± 4	286 ± 3	188 ± 3	385 ± 4
	2.5	175 ± 4	134 ± 3	25 ± 3	87 ± 2	195 ± 4	288 ± 7	175 ± 3	318 ± 4
	5	128 ± 6	138 ± 6	24 ± 1	61 ± 3	141 ± 2	288 ± 3	162 ± 3	290 ± 2
Spon. Revertants		196 ± 3	215 ± 4	28 ± 2	51 ± 3	204 ± 4	204 ± 4	270 ± 6	327 ± 4
Common Valid Range [39]		75-200	100-200	20-50	20-50	75-200	75-200	100-300	200-400

Activity expressed as mean revertant counts ± STD. *Where revertant counts are more than three times that of spontaneous revertants, the compound is considered to be mutagenic [39]

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