Fig. 4

Inhibition of the LPS-induced secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines by PS + CR. RAW 264.7 cells were treated with 30–300 μg/ml of PS + CR for 1 h prior to the addition of LPS (1 μg/ml) and further incubated for 24 h. Levels of TNF-α (a) IL-1β (b) and IL-6 (c). As detailed in the Methods section, the concentrations of cytokines in the culture medium were assayed using a kit. Values represent the mean ± S.D. of three independent experiments (significant compared to the control, ^**p < 0.01; significant compared to LPS alone, ^##p < 0.01)