Fig. 9

Effect of A. actinomycetemcomitans LPS in the absence and presence of highbush blueberry PACs on nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation using the U937-3xκB cell model. Panel a Concentration effect of A. actinomycetemcomitans LPS on NF-κB activation. Panel b Inhibitory effect of highbush blueberry PACs on A. actinomycetemcomitans LPS-induced NF-κB activation. A value of 100% was assigned to the activation obtained with A. actinomycetemcomitans LPS in the absence of highbush blueberry PACs. BAY-11-7082 was used as a positive inhibitory control. Results are expressed as the mean ± SD of triplicate assays from two independent experiments. Φ: significant increase (p < 0.001) compared with nonstimulated control cells. ∗: significant decrease (p < 0.001) compared with LPS-stimulated cells not treated with highbush blueberry PACs