Fig. 3From: Anti-stress and neuronal cell differentiation induction effects of Rosmarinus officinalis L. essential oilEffect of Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil (ROEO) on the PC12 cells neuronal outgrowth elongation.PC12 cells were seeded onto 96-well plates at a density of 1×105 cells/ml. After overnight incubation, PC12 cells were treated with 50 ng/ml of nerve growth factor (NGF) or 10 μg/ml of ROEO for 48 h. Control cells were incubated for 48 h without NGF or ROEO treatment. a Expression of growth associated protein 43 (Gap43) mRNA quantified using real-time PCR and normalized to Gapdh mRNA expression. Data represent the mean of three independent trials ±.SD *P≤0.05, **P≤0.01 vs. control. b Morphology of PC12 cells treated without (Control) or with 50 ng/ml NGF (NGF) or 10 μg/ml of ROEO (ROEO). The photographs were taken 48 h after sample treatment and arrows point to cells with dendritic morphology. Photographs of the cells at 200× magnification were taken using a phase contrast microscope equipped with DFC 290HD camera (Leica Microsystem). The scale-bar represents 50 μmBack to article page