Fig. 1

Structure of Phoyunnanin E (a). Viability of non-small cell lung cancer cells (H460) in response to various concentrations of phoyunnanin E (0–100 μM) treatment for 24 h (b). Cell viability was evaluated using 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazoliumbromide (MTT) assays. Percentages of apoptotic and necrotic nuclei in cells treated with phoyunnanin E (c). Apoptotic and necrotic cell death after phoyunnanin E treatment, determined by Hoechst 33342/PI co-staining and visualized by fluorescence microscopy (e). Proliferation of the cells after treatment with phoyunnanin E, at 24 and 48 h (d). Data are shown as the mean ± SD (n = 3). * P < 0.05 versus non-treated control