Fig. 3

Production and inhibition of ROS, genotoxic, and anti-genotoxic activity on CHO-K1 cells exposed to HRCHs. a Reactive oxygen species of HRCHs with HRCHs (1000 μg·mL⁻¹) and inhibition of ROS production with HRCHs (5 mM H₂O₂ + 1000 μg·mL⁻¹). AUF: Arbitrary units of fluorescence. b Comet assay measured with tail length exposed to 1000 μg·mL⁻¹ HRCHs and anti-genotoxic activity exposed to co-treatment with HRCH (1000 μg/ml) + 5 mM H₂O₂. c Number of Mn for 2000 BNC to 1000 μg·mL⁻¹ HRCHs as well as anti-genotoxic activity exposed to co-treatment with HRCH μg·mL⁻¹ + 1 mM MMC. The data are presented as the mean ± SEM, n = 6. Data were analyzed by repeated ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post-test. Symbols denote statistically significant differences: +++ p < 0.0001 with respect to control (C-) and between HRCH samples. Symbols denote statistically significant differences: * p < 0.01, ** p < 0.001, and *** p < 0.0001 with respect to H₂O₂ and between HRCHs