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Table 2 Optimal primer concentrations and amplification efficiencies of each target gene

From: Cellular pharmacodynamic effects of Pycnogenol® in patients with severe osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled pilot study

Gene

Concentration forward primer [μM]

Concentration reverse primer [μM]

Amplification efficiency [%]

GAPDH

0.15

0.15

̶

ACTB

0.15

0.15

92.97

18sRNA

0.15

0.15

HPRT-1

0.15

0.15

96.93

SDHA

0.15

0.15

93.40

B2M

0.375

0.375

̶

MMP1

0.75

0.75

96.77

MMP3

0.50

0.50

99.27

MMP13

0.75

0.75

95.27

IL1B

0.50

0.50

91.97

ADAMTS5

0.75

0.75

96.97

CTSK

0.25

0.25

99.87