BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies

Table 2 MMSE change between groups with or without herbal medicine

From: Adding Chinese herbal medicine to conventional therapy brings cognitive benefits to patients with Alzheimer’s disease: a retrospective analysis

	MMSE change
	CT + H			CT				Expected
Follow-up	N	mean ± SD	95% CI	N	mean ± SD	95% CI	P value
3 m	121	0.93 ± 2.80	0.43 to 1.43	70	−0.05 ± 3.60	−0.91 to 0.8	0.009	−0.57
6 m	71	0.75 ± 2.90	0.06 to 1.43	33	0.27 ± 3.01	−0.79 to 1.34	0.034	−1.12
9 m	49	0.59 ± 3.01	−0.27 to 1.45	12	−0.41 ± 3.92	−2.9 to 2.07	0.077	−1.64
12 m	52	−0.05 ± 2.85	−0.85 to 0.73	28	−1.03 ± 3.12	−2.24 to 0.17	0.009	−2.17
15 m	53	−0.32 ± 2.41	−0.98 to 0.34	21	−1.95 ± 2.65	−3.16 to −0.74	0.008	−2.89
18 m	26	−1.42 ± 1.79	−2.14 to −0.69	27	−3.18 ± 2.21	−4.04 to −2.32	0.010	−3.43
21 m	23	−1.08 ± 2.36	−1.83 to −0.33	11	−3.36 ± 2.54	−5.07 to −1.65	0.014	−3.65
24 m	30	−1.40 ± 2.37	−2.28 to −0.51	26	−3.92 ± 2.26	−4.83 to −3.01	0.000	−4.52

CT + H, conventional therapy with herbal granule; CT, conventional therapy alone; MMSE, mini-mental state examination. We used linear mixed-effects models for outcome assessment, the differences were adjusted for medical history, baseline MMSE, education and use of donepezil or memantine. Follow-up was not strictly performed at all-time points; the real intervals of monitoring were different

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