Table 3 Antiplasmodial activity against P. falciparum 3D7 strain of different crude extracts from Pongamia pinnata
Plant Part | Extract | Percentage of inhibition (M ± SD, P value) | IC50 (μg/mL) 95% CI (LCL-UCL) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
12.5 μg/mL | 25 μg/mL | 50 μg/mL | 100 μg/mL | 200 μg/mL | |||
Leaf | ME | 21.08 ± 2.21 0.0019 | 49.78 ± 0.88 0.0001 | 68.75 ± 3.20 0.0004 | 86.85 ± 1.08 0.0000 | 95.01 ± 3.97 0.0003 | 24.00 ± 1.00 (21.51–26.48) |
CH | 0.00 ± 0.00 NS | 0.00 ± 0.00 NS | 0.00 ± 0.00 NS | 2.59 ± 1.46 0.12NS | 2.75 ± 0.83 0.78 NS | ND | |
HE | 0.00 ± 0.00 NS | 0.00 ± 0.00 NS | 1.22 ± 0.115 0.0023 | 2.49 ± 0.58 0.037 | 3.09 ± 0.17 0.76 NS | ND | |
EA | 13.18 ± 2.56 0.0063 | 26.84 ± 2.22 0.0012 | 38.33 ± 5.92 0.0040 | 67.19 ± 3.37 0.0004 | 72.28 ± 2.22 0.0002 | 70.33 ± 3.79 (60.93–79.74) | |
AQ | 8.23 ± 0.96 0.0024 | 14.38 ± 4.31 0.015 | 27.08 ± 1.22 0.0003 | 54.07 ± 4.46 0.0012 | 78.07 ± 4.08 0.0005 | 92.00 ± 7.00 (74.61–109.39) | |
Bark | ME | 51.18 ± 3.57 0.0008 | 88.07 ± 0.80 0.0000 | 97.21 ± 1.00 0.0000 | 98.40 ± 0.32 0.0000 | 100 ± 0.12 0.0000 | 11.67 ± 1.53 (7.87–15.46) |
CH | 0.00 ± 0.00 NS | 5.54 ± 0.62 0.0022 | 18.02 ± 2.38 0.0029 | 27.31 ± 2.04 0.0010 | 41.67 ± 1.34 0.0002 | >200 | |
HE | 0.00 ± 0.00 NS | 6.50 ± 1.63 0.0011 | 17.25 ± 0.90 0.0005 | 34.52 ± 3.73 0.0021 | 54.12 ± 3.50 0.0008 | 178.41 ± 14.74 (141.71–214.96) | |
EA | 11.19 ± 2.65 0.0093 | 25.84 ± 3.31 0.0027 | 52.49 ± 2.12 0.0003 | 78.41 ± 3.49 0.0003 | 85.20 ± 2.60 0.0002 | 46.57 ± 1.53 (42.87–50.46) | |
AQ | 15.51 ± 1.95 0.0027 | 34.34 ± 3.56 0.0018 | 65.42 ± 0.73 0.0000 | 90.44 ± 1.18 0.0000 | 98.37 ± 0.26 0.0000 | 37.18 ± 1.53 (33.54–41.13) | |
Flower | ME | 14.22 ± 3.47 0.0098 | 39.70 ± 1.93 0.0004 | 67.21 ± 1.02 0.0000 | 93.42 ± 2.82 0.0002 | 97.58 ± 0.88 0.0000 | 32.00 ± 2.00 (27.03–36.97) |
CH | 0.00 ± 0.00 NS | 5.55 ± 0.49 0.0014 | 16.49 ± 1.89 0.0022 | 34.37 ± 3.65 0.0020 | 62.12 ± 0.25 0.0000 | 156.10 ± 3.61 (147.04–164.96) | |
HE | 3.11 ± 0.10 0.0003 | 10.01 ± 1.21 0.0025 | 28.58 ± 2.05 0.0009 | 35.52 ± 2.72 0.0011 | 43.50 ± 2.96 0.0009 | >200 | |
EA | 7.33 ± 1.65 0.0086 | 19.57 ± 0.77 0.0003 | 46.62 ± 1.88 0.0003 | 67.34 ± 0.81 0.0000 | 81.72 ± 1.23 0.0000 | 58.00 ± 4.58 (46.62–69.39) | |
AQ | 10.51 ± 0.90 0.0013 | 38.01 ± 0.88 0.0001 | 55.31 ± 4.88 0.0013 | 81.29 ± 1.05 0.0000 | 94.02 ± 1.42 0.0000 | 42.43 ± 3.21 (34.35–50.32) | |
Root | ME | 25.17 ± 2.23 0.0013 | 48.28 ± 0.92 0.0001 | 62.82 ± 2.31 0.0002 | 78.87 ± 5.80 0.0009 | 92.15 ± 3.68 0.0003 | 25.67 ± 2.08 (20.50–30.84) |
CH | 2.44 ± 0.68 0.014 | 8.80 ± 2.00 0.0087 | 20.57 ± 0.87 0.0003 | 44.27 ± 3.56 0.0011 | 68.63 ± 1.16 0.0001 | 123.77 ± 10.26 (98.17–149.16) | |
HE | 0.00 ± 0.00 NS | 0.00 ± 0.00 NS | 0.00 ± 0.00 NS | 1.90 ± 0.54 0.092 NS | 2.65 ± 0.67 0.86 NS | ND | |
EA | 0.00 ± 0.00 NS | 0.00 ± 0.00 NS | 1.81 ± 0.55 0.017 | 2.14 ± 0.17 0.0074 | 2.53 ± 0.54 0.93 NS | ND | |
AQ | 1.30 ± 0.23 0.0072 | 7.47 ± 1.11 0.0038 | 23.31 ± 1.11 0.0004 | 58.04 ± 0.34 0.0000 | 69.38 ± 1.76 0.0001 | 88.00 ± 1.73 (83.70–92.90) | |
DMSO (Negative control) | – | 0.55 ± 0.01 | 1.32 ± 0.31 | 2.35 ± 0.00 | 4.16 ± 0.14 | 4.00 ± 0.64 | – |
CQ (Positive control) | – | – | – | – | – | – | 3.68 ± 0.555 |