Fig. 5

Mean differences between EpiCor and placebo on constipation-associated quality of life (a) and perceived stress (b) on the three cohorts. Legend: The enlisted Patient Assessment of Constipation Quality of Life (PAC-QOL) items are PhD (physical discomfort), PsD (psychosocial discomfort), W&C (worries and concerns) and SAT (satisfaction). An instrument total score (ITS) calculated as the average of all 28 items recorded at each visit is also shown. PSS relates to the Perceived Stress Scale instrument. A linear mixed model analysis that takes into account the differences between groups at baseline was used (no p-values <0.05 were found; p-values <0.1 are depicted in regular text)