Table 1 General Characteristics of the Study Participants (n = 3529)
TE | SE | SY | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
n = 1589 (45.03%) | n = 474 (13.43%) | n = 1466 (41.54%) | ||
Age, years | 49.83 ± 8.08 a | 48.62 ± 7.57 b | 49.76 ± 7.93 a | 0.011 |
Women, n (%) | 739 (46.51) | 247 (52.11) | 774 (52.80) | 0.001 |
Body Mass Index, kg/m2 | 25.63 ± 2.47 a | 21.32 ± 1.98 b | 23.02 ± 2.17 c | <0.001 |
Waist circumference, cm | 83.85 ± 7.10 a | 73.87 ± 6.39 b | 77.52 ± 6.89 c | <0.001 |
Education, years | ||||
≤ 9 | 1288 (81.06) | 390 (82.28) | 1259 (85.88) | 0.002 |
> 9 | 301 (18.94) | 84 (17.72) | 207 (14.12) | |
Income, won | ||||
< 2 × 106 | 855 (53.81) | 270 (56.96) | 863 (58.87) | 0.002 |
2 ~ 4 × 106 | 552 (34.74) | 173 (36.50) | 475 (32.40) | |
> 4 × 106 | 182 (11.45) | 31 (6.54) | 128 (8.73) | |
Smoking, n (%) | ||||
Never smokers | 888 (55.88) | 298 (62.87) | 914 (62.35) | 0.001 |
Past smokers | 285 (17.94) | 63 (13.29) | 231 (15.76) | |
Current smokers | 416 (26.18) | 113 (23.84) | 321 (21.90) | |
Alcohol drinking, n (%) | ||||
Non-drinkers | 710 (44.68) | 280 (59.07) | 796 (54.30) | <0.001 |
Light (0.1 ~ 15) | 511 (32.16) | 128 (27.00) | 408 (27.83) | |
Moderate (15.1 ~ 30) | 172 (10.82) | 35 (7.38) | 127 (8.66) | |
Heavy (>30) | 196 (12.33) | 31 (6.54) | 135 (9.21) | |
Physical activity, MET-hours | 19.97 ± 84.79 a | 14.79 ± 55.67 a | 16.54 ± 75.17 a | 0.310 |
Total-cholesterol, mg/dl | 194.10 ± 35.07 a | 182.59 ± 32.94 b | 185.25 ± 32.63 b | <0.001 |
C-reactive protein, mg/dl | 0.22 ± 0.41 a | 0.18 ± 0.36 a | 0.19 ± 0.32 a | 0.032 |
Fasting Glucose, mg/dl | 86.03 ± 16.33 a | 81.66 ± 9.16 b | 83.63 ± 14.07 c | <0.001 |
HDL-cholesterol, mg/dl | 45.92 ± 9.30 a | 47.76 ± 10.46 b | 47.20 ± 10.13 b | <0.001 |
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 116.74 ± 15.57 a | 113.04 ± 13.99 b | 114.42 ± 16.07 b | <0.001 |
Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 78.24 ± 10.41 a | 74.90 ± 8.99 b | 76.20 ± 10.30 c | <0.001 |
Triglyceride, mg/dl | 144.02 ± 87.86 a | 122.57 ± 64.98 b | 128.78 ± 70.38 b | <0.001 |