Fig. 3
Effects of the various Chinese herbal extracts (CHE) on BDNF secretion, cell migration and cell invasion using the MDA-MB-231 line. MDA-MB-231 (4 × 105/well) cells were cultured with low serum medium and this was followed by administration of each of the various CHEs individually (1 μg/mL for each herbal extract) for 24 h. Each culture medium was collected to allow the BDNF level (a) and BDNF level normalized against the cell number (b) to be measured by ELISA as described in Methods. CHE-induced cell migration (c) was evaluated by migration assay. Those herbs with migration-stimulating potential were also evaluated by invasion assay (d). The data are expressed as mean + SEM. *, p < 0.05 compared to vehicle group by repeatedly measured one way ANOVA (n = five independent experiments in each group)