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Fig. 2 | BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Fig. 2

From: [6]-Gingerol, from Zingiber officinale, potentiates GLP-1 mediated glucose-stimulated insulin secretion pathway in pancreatic β-cells and increases RAB8/RAB10-regulated membrane presentation of GLUT4 transporters in skeletal muscle to improve hyperglycemia in Leprdb/db type 2 diabetic mice

Fig. 2

[6]-Gingerol increases plasma level of GLP-1. 4 weeks of 200 mg/kg [6]-Gingerol treated overnight fasted Leprdb/db mice were challenged with a bolus of oral glucose load (2 g/kg) and plasma levels of a Epinephrine, b Norepinephrine, c Acetylcholine, d IGF-1, e GLP-1, f VIP, g GIP, h PACAP, i Somatostatin, j Pancreatic polypeptide, k DPP4, and l plasma DPP4 activity was measured before and 1 h after the glucose insult. IGF-1: Insulin-like growth factor-1; GLP-1: Glucagon-like peptide-1; VIP: Vasoactive intestinal peptide; GIP: Gastric inhibitory polypeptide; PACAP: Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide. Values are presented as Mean±SD (n = 10 for each group). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001, n.s. not significant (Student’s t-test)

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