Fig. 4

Pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and western blot analyses in the hippocampus. TNF-α and IL-1β levels in the hippocampus were determined using ELISA (a, b). 4-HNE-modified protein, NOX2, iNOS and Nrf2 concentrations in the hippocampus were determined by western blotting (c). Then, the intensities of 4-HNE, NOX2, iNOS and Nrf2 protein expression were quantified (d). The data are expressed as the means ± SD (n = 7). ^## P < 0.01 compared with the unstressed group; ^* P < 0.05 and ^** P < 0.01 compared with the control group