Fig. 2

Modulation of luminescence by Neem leaf extract. Total oxidants, generated by the cocktail, were measured by luminescence. A time-dependent chemiluminescence pattern of oxidant scavenging abilities (OSA) induced by: (a) increasing concentrations of Neem leaf extract expressed as Gallic Acid Equivalnce (GAE): 10 μM, 50 μM, and 100 μM. Catechin (50 μM GAE), a natural polyphenol from tea with confirmed antioxidant properties, served as a positive control. b P. gingivalis pre-coated with increasing amounts of Neem leaf extract: 25 μM, 50 μM, and 100 μM GAE