Fig. 4

Effect of CA on tight junction expression levels after exposure to UPM. Occludin (a) and ZO-1 (b) protein and mRNA expression levels in NCI-H441 cells after 24 h of pretreatment with CA (5 and 10 μM) and treatment with UPM (100 μg/mL) for 6 h. c Immunofluorescence staining of the effect of UPM (100 μg/mL) and CA (5 and 10 μM) or rotenone (RO, 5 μM) on NCI-H441 cells. After pretreatment with CA (5 and 10 μM) for 24 h, NCI-H441 cells were incubated with UPM (100 μg/mL) for 6 h. Cells were preprocessed and stained with an anti-ZO-1 (1:50) antibody and DAPI (500 ng/mL). ZO-1 is indicated by the white arrow. Data are means ± SD of three experiments with triplicate samples and different letters indicate significant differences at p < 0.05 by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test