Fig. 4

TTF suppresses Aβ-induced phosphorylation of SAPK/JNK, and ERK 1/2 in N2a cells. Cells were treated concomitantly with 25 μM of Aβ and TTF for 30 min (ERK 1/2) or 40 min (SAPK/JNK). Cells were extracted and the levels of phosphorylated and total ERK 1/2 (a) and SAPK/JNK (b) were determined with specific ELISA kits. The levels of each of the phosphorylated proteins were normalized to the levels of the total amount of the related proteins, and are presented as means ± SEM of two experiments (n = 4) for SAPK/JNK, and of three experiments (n = 6) for ERK 1/2. **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, for comparison with cells that were treated with Aβ only