Mantra | Mindfulness | Spiritual | |
---|---|---|---|
OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
Demographics | |||
Age | |||
18–24 | Reference | ||
25–44 | 1.13 (0.38, 3.39) | 0.70 (0.34, 1.42) | 1.19 (0.69, 2.08) |
45–64 | 1.47 (0.47, 4.59) | 0.76 (0.36, 1.62) | 1.31 (0.74, 2.32) |
65 or above | 0.76 (0.18, 3.16) | 0.19 (0.05, 0.71)* | 1.10 (0.53, 2.26) |
Gender | |||
Male | Reference | ||
Female | 1.11 (0.64, 1.92) | 1.17 (0.63, 2.16) | 1.54 (1.15, 2.06)** |
Race1 | |||
White | Reference | ||
Black | 0.37 (0.12, 1.17) | 0.51 (0.22, 1.22) | 0.91 (0.64, 1.30) |
Asian | 0.85 (0.36, 2.01) | 0.51 (0.23, 1.11) | 0.62 (0.38, 1.01) |
AIAN/multiple race | 0.37 (0.05, 3.04) | 2.01 (0.75, 5.33) | 1.09 (0.52, 2.30) |
Ethnicity | |||
Hispanic | Reference | ||
Non-Hispanic | 0.66 (0.28, 1.52) | 0.62 (0.30, 1.25) | 0.95 (0.62, 1.46) |
Education | |||
Less than 12 years | Reference | ||
High school | 0.52 (0.16, 1.73) | 1.91 (0.47, 7.78) | 2.08 (1.07, 4.05)* |
Some college | 1.49 (0.51, 4.35) | 2.98 (0.75, 11.82) | 3.85 (2.02, 7.32)*** |
College graduate | 2.04 (0.71, 5.88) | 6.61 (1.70, 25.74)** | 5.52 (2.91, 10.47)*** |
Marital status | |||
Never married | Reference | ||
Married | 0.71 (0.36, 1.39) | 0.86 (0.49, 1.52) | 0.68 (0.48, 0.94)* |
Cohabitating | 0.54 (0.22, 1.34) | 0.65 (0.27, 1.53) | 0.71 (0.40, 1.27) |
Divorced/separated | 0.40 (0.18, 0.86)* | 0.92 (0.49, 1.74) | 0.93 (0.66, 1.32) |
Widowed | 0.42 (0.13, 1.36) | 1.38 (0.44, 4.40) | 0.44 (0.24, 0.80)** |
Family income | |||
$0–$34,999 | Reference | ||
$35,000–54,999 | 0.71 (0.42, 1.22) | 1.15 (0.61, 2.18) | 1.08 (0.80, 1.44) |
$75,000 or more | 0.55 (0.24, 1.24) | 1.19 (0.55, 2.56) | 1.12 (0.78, 1.59) |
Region | |||
Northeast | Reference | ||
Midwest | 0.58 (0.27, 1.26) | 0.86 (0.46, 1.60) | 1.06 (0.72, 1.54) |
South | 0.61 (0.32, 1.17) | 0.48 (0.21, 1.07) | 0.77 (0.54, 1.10) |
West | 0.99 (0.53, 1.87) | 1.96 (1.09, 3.51)* | 0.96 (0.67, 1.38) |
Health Behaviors | |||
Physical activity | |||
Never | Reference | ||
Some/per week | 1.37 (.83, 2.26) | 1.54 (0.84, 2.80) | 1.54 (1.13, 2.10)** |
Regular/per day | 1.60 (.87, 2.95) | 1.41 (0.65, 3.02) | 1.59 (1.10, 2.29)* |
Alcohol consumption | |||
Lifetime abstainer | Reference | ||
Former drinker | 4.52 (1.26, 16.28)* | 1.61 (0.44, 5.92) | 1.28 (0.79, 2.08) |
Current infrequent | 10.80 (3.73, 31.27)*** | 3.34 (1.32, 8.45)* | 0.86 (0.56, 1.32) |
Current mod/heavy | 9.63 (3.02, 30.69)*** | 4.09 (1.54, 10.85)** | 0.90 (0.55, 1.46) |
Cigarette smoking | |||
Never smoker | Reference | ||
Former smoker | 0.61 (0.37, 1.02) | 1.03 (.62, 1.69) | 1.48 (1.10, 2.00)* |
Current smoker | 0.83 (0.45, 1.50) | 1.07 (0.59, 1.95) | 1.34 (0.92, 1.94) |
Cholesterol check | 1.04 (0.63, 1.72) | 0.84 (0.48, 1.47) | 0.85 (0.66, 1.11) |
Flu shot | 0.66 (0.37, 1.18) | 0.85 (0.52, 1.38) | 1.01 (0.78, 1.29) |
CAM Use, 12 Months | |||
Chiropractor | 1.09 (0.57, 2.08) | 0.40 (0.19, .82)* | 1.36 (0.98, 1.90) |
Acupuncture | 5.17 (2.35, 11.40)*** | 1.62 (0.79, 3.30) | 1.22 (0.65, 2.31) |
Vegetarian diet | 3.28 (1.45, 7.44)** | 3.41 (1.54, 7.58)** | 2.63 (1.67, 4.14)*** |
Health Status | |||
Health status | |||
Poor/fair | Reference | ||
Good/very/excellent | 1.70 (0.76, 3.81) | 0.70 (0.32, 1.51) | 1.13 (0.74, 1.72) |
Body weight status | |||
Underweight/healthy | Reference | ||
Overweight | 0.97 (0.55, 1.72) | 0.79 (0.48, 1.33) | 1.10 (0.83, 1.44) |
Obese | 1.43 (0.72, 2.81) | 0.35 (0.17, 0.75)** | 1.04 (0.80, 1.35) |
Functional limitations | 1.17 (0.70, 1.98) | 1.17 (0.75, 1.83) | 1.53 (1.11, 2.11)* |
Back pain | 1.26 (0.81, 1.98) | 0.83 (0.50, 1.38) | 1.31 (1.02, 1.68)* |
Depression, 12 months | 1.73 (0.97, 3.07) | 2.08 (1.09, 3.96)* | 1.65 (1.22, 2.21)** |
ER visits, 12 months | |||
0 visits | Reference | ||
1 visit | 1.50 (0.78, 2.88) | 1.48 (0.78, 2.81) | 0.80 (0.55, 1.16) |
2–3 visits | 0.92 (0.42, 2.04) | 0.29 (0.09, 1.00) | 0.98 (0.61, 1.57) |
4 or More Visits | 0.12 (0.01, 1.02) | 2.42 (0.53, 11.10) | 1.61 (0.71, 3.65) |
Hospitalized, 12 Months | 1.08 (0.54, 2.15) | 0.31 (0.11, 0.86)* | 0.74 (0.49, 1.11) |
Healthcare Access | |||
Usual place of care | 1.35 (0.57, 3.22) | 0.72 (0.35, 1.50) | 0.91 (0.61, 1.35) |
Health insurance | |||
Uninsured | Reference | ||
Public | 1.55 (0.68, 3.57) | 0.91 (0.41, 2.01) | 0.66 (0.44, 0.97)* |
Private | 0.79 (0.33, 1.91) | 0.70 (0.34, 1.45) | 0.78 (0.52, 1.16) |
Office visits, 12 months | |||
0 visits | Reference | ||
1–3 visits | 1.19 (0.48, 2.97) | 2.79 (1.44, 5.38)** | 1.66 (1.04, 2.65)* |
4–9 visits | 2.05 (0.76, 5.50) | 2.39 (.86, 6.63) | 2.27 (1.32, 3.90)** |
10 or more visits | 3.44 (1.28, 9.22)* | 8.62 (3.77, 19.73)*** | 2.59 (1.47, 4.55)** |