Fig. 8
From: Resveratrol distinctively modulates the inflammatory profiles of immune and endothelial cells
Context-dependent and cell-specific effects of RES. Peripheral blood monocytes respond to inflammatory stimuli by increased production of cytokines and chemokines. Similarly, endothelial cells secrete large amounts of inflammatory metabolites at conditions of endothelial dysfunction induced by TNF-α. Activated monocytes trans-migrate through endothelial layers and differentiate into tissue-resident macrophages. During acute or chronic inflammation, macrophages respond to stimuli by the production or release of numerous cytokines and chemokines. RES blunts (black arrows) or enhances (red arrows) cytokines, chemokines and adhesion molecules and thus intervenes in trafficking, activation and differentiation of immune cells in different compartments