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Table 3 Pearson’s correlations (r) between spine stiffness obtained using 3 methods and flexion-relation ratios

From: Association of lumbar spine stiffness and flexion-relaxation phenomenon with patient-reported outcomes in adults with chronic low back pain – a single-arm clinical trial investigating the effects of thrust spinal manipulation

  

Lumbar spine stiffness

 

Palpatory GS at L3

Palpatory GSV

Hand-held GS at L3

Hand-held GSV

Automated GS at Ant.

Visit

n

Pearson’s r

n

Pearson’s r

n

Pearson’s r

n

Pearson’s r

n

Pearson’s r

Lumbar spine stiffness

 Palpatory GS at L3

BL

80

-

80

0.45

67

0.46

69

0.29

53

0.42

W2

67

-

67

0.59

53

0.47

54

0.19

41

0.30

W6

66

-

66

0.32

57

0.47

57

0.03

45

0.15

 Palpatory GSV

BL

  

80

-

67

0.11

69

0.16

53

0.08

W2

  

67

-

53

0.23

54

0.28

41

0.17

W6

  

66

-

57

0.18

57

0.28

45

0.04

 Hand-held GS at L3

BL

    

69

-

69

0.39

51

0.86

W2

    

57

-

57

0.21

39

0.63

W6

    

59

-

59

0.38

44

0.81

 Hand-held GSV

BL

      

71

-

52

0.37

W2

      

58

-

40

0.05

W6

      

59

-

44

0.31

 Automated GS at Ant.

BL

        

55

-

W2

        

43

-

W6

        

45

-

Flexion-relaxation ratio

 Flexion FRR

BL

74

-0.16

74

0.05

63

0.03

65

−0.15

52

-0.10

W2

65

0.07

65

0.04

56

0.12

57

−0.09

43

-0.21

W6

64

-0.02

64

−0.22

57

0.20

57

−0.10

43

0.16

 Extension FRR

BL

74

-0.14

74

−0.03

63

0.05

65

−0.14

52

-0.03

W2

65

0.07

65

−0.01

56

0.16

57

0.03

43

-0.12

W6

64

-0.01

64

−0.22

57

0.10

57

−0.11

43

−0.07

 Asymmetry in flexion FRR

BL

74

0.05

74

0.04

63

0.07

65

0.30

52

-0.01

W2

65

0.04

65

0.09

56

−0.11

57

0.19

43

0.08

W6

64

0.05

64

0.11

57

0.15

57

0.15

43

0.02

 Asymmetry in extension FRR

BL

74

0.08

74

0.00

63

0.08

65

0.11

52

0.09

W2

64

0.05

64

0.02

55

0.12

56

0.32

43

0.07

W6

63

0.10

63

0.05

57

0.20

57

0.21

43

0.11

  1. GS global stiffness, L3 the 3rd lumbar segment, Ant. the most anterior point of the lumbar curvature in a prone posture, GSV global stiffness variation among five lumbar segments, nGSV normalized global stiffness variation (unitless), FRR flexion-relaxation ratio (unitless) pooled together for both EMG acquisition systems, BL baseline, W2 after 2 weeks, and W6 after 6 weeks