The immune-regulating effect of Xiao’er Qixingcha in constipated mice induced by high-heat and high-protein diet

Table 2 Histopathological alteration of the constipated mice after EXQ treatment

Categories	Model	Group
Categories	Model	Control	Vehicle	EXQ (0.75 g/kg)	EXQ (1.5 g/kg)	EXQ (3 g/kg)
Mucosa thickness (μm)	HHPD	235.38 ± 30.19	190.78 ± 29.65^#	262.05 ± 37.12^*	264.11 ± 53.57^*	259.74 ± 37.02^*
Mucosa thickness (μm)	HHPD + atropine	174.19 ± 34.58	167.81 ± 27.52	211.72 ± 9.68^*	219.92 ± 49.80^*	217.93 ± 34.63^*
Muscle thickness (μm)	HHPD	146.44 ± 24.67	80.20 ± 17.38^##	106.03 ± 26.40	149.91 ± 18.93^**	140.25 ± 37.16^**
Muscle thickness (μm)	HHPD + atropine	48.90 ± 4.85	24.79 ± 10.73^#	57.33 ± 19.95^**	48.39 ± 6.68^*	51.88 ± 21.31^*
Submucosa thickness (μm)	HHPD	46.37 ± 9.46	27.15 ± 5.46^#	41.00 ± 14.75	54.65 ± 16.31^**	48.03 ± 12.07^*
	HHPD + atropine	44.84 ± 15.86	30.04 ± 5.64	31.60 ± 5.01	41.52 ± 15.22	41.78 ± 14.67
Number of goblet cell (ea)	HHPD	376.17 ± 29.03	255.00 ± 31.03^##	289.17 ± 27.09^*	305.80 ± 28.47^**	331.00 ± 23.82^**
Number of goblet cell (ea)	HHPD + atropine	210.86 ± 44.95	109.80 ± 33.49^##	190.00 ± 52.35^**	188.00 ± 36.99^**	220.83 ± 34.14^**
Number of crypt of lieberkuhn (ea)	HHPD	31.20 ± 4.55	16.25 ± 2.22^##	24.00 ± 6.04^*	23.60 ± 4.45^*	29.00 ± 5.79^**
Number of crypt of lieberkuhn (ea)	HHPD + atropine	27.00 ± 5.26	17.00 ± 3.32^##	27.00 ± 8.49^*	25.20 ± 6.72^*	27.17 ± 5.38^**

^# P < 0.05, ^## P < 0.01 indicates significance when compared with the normal control group
^* P < 0.05, ^** P < 0.01 indicates significance when compared with the vehicle treated constipation group

ISSN: 2662-7671