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Table 4 Top 15 commonly prescribed TCMs for treating HTN during study period

From: Association of traditional Chinese medicine therapy and the risk of dementia in patients with hypertension: a nationwide population-based cohort study

TCM name

Ingredients or generic name

Functions in TCM

Frequency of prescriptions

N = 503,567 (%)

Average daily does (g)

Average duration of prescription (day)

Tian-Ma-Gou-

Teng-Yin

Rhizoma Gastrodiae; Ramulus Uncariae Cum Uncis; Concha Haliotidis; Fructus Gardeniae Jasminoidis; Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis; Radix Cyathulae; Cortex Eucommiae Ulmoidis; Herba Leonuri; Herba Taxilli; Caulis Polygoni Multiflori; Sclerotium Poriae Cocos

Calms the Liver, Extinguishes Wind, Clears Heat, Invigorates the Blood, Tonifies the Liver and Kidneys

24,823(4.9)

7.2

11.0

Dan-Shen

Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae

Activates the Blood and dispels Blood Stasis, Cools the Blood and reduces abscesses, Nourishes the Blood and calms the Spirit

13,197(2.6)

3.0

11.7

Gou-Teng-San

Ramulus Uncariae Cum Uncis; Radix Ginseng;

Sclerotium Poriae Cocos; Sclerotium Poriae Curcum; Radicem Pini; Radix Ophiopogonis;

Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae;

Rhizoma Pinelliae Preparatum; Radix Saposhnikoviae

Flos Chrysanthemi; Gypsum Fibrosum; Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens; Radix Glycyrrhizae

Clears Heat from the Liver channel, Descends Liver Yang, Extinguishes Liver Wind, Transforms Phlegm, Strengthens the Spleen, Enriches fluids

10,043(2.0)

7.4

9.5

Gou-Teng

Ramulus Uncariae Cum Uncis

Extinguishes Wind and alleviates spasms, Drains Liver Heat and pacifies Liver Yang, Releases the Exterior

8957(1.8)

2.8

11.2

Xia-Ku-Cao

Spica Prunellae

Clears Liver Fire and brightens the eyes, Clears Hot Phlegm and dissipates nodules

8153(1.6)

2.2

11.0

Zhi-Bai-Di-

Huang-Wan

Radix Rehmanniae Preparata; Fructus Corni Officinalis; Cortex Moutan; Rhizoma Dioscoreae Oppositae; Sclerotium Poriae Cocos; Rhizoma Alismatis Orientalis; Rhizoma Anemarrhenae Asphodeloidis; Cortex Phellodendri Chinensis

Enriches Yin, Nourishes the Essence of the Liver and Kidneys, Reduces Deficiency Fire

6123(1.2)

5.1

11.9

Da-Huang

Radix et Rhizoma Rhei

Purges Heat, Loosens the bowels, Promotes Blood circulation, and removes Blood Stasis

5932(1.2)

1.1

11.4

Xue-Fu-Zhu-

Yu-Tang

Semen Pruni Persicae; Flos Carthami Tinctorii; Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong; Radix Angelicae Sinensis; Radix Cyathulae; Fructus Aurantii; Radix Paeoniae Rubra; Radix Platycodi Grandiflori; Radix Bupleuri Chinensis; Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae; Radix Glycyrrhizae Uralensis

Invigorates the Blood, Dispels Blood Stasis, Spreads Liver Qi, Unblocks the channels, Stops pain

5758(1.1)

6.6

11.5

Chuan-Niu-Xi

Radix Cyathulae

Invigorates the Blood, Dispels Blood Stagnation, Promotes Urination and Drains Damp, Tonifies Liver and Kidney, Strengthens Tendon

5660(1.1)

2.3

12.4

Ge-Gen

Radix Puerariae

Dispels pathogenic factors from the superficial muscles to relieve fever, Promotes the production of body Fluid, Invigorates the Spleen Yang to stop diarrhea

5329(1.0)

1.5

10.7

Qi-Ju-Di-

Huang-Wan

Radix Rehmanniae Preparata; Fructus Corni Officinalis; Rhizoma Dioscoreae Oppositae; Rhizoma Alismatis Orientalis; Sclerotium Poriae Cocos; Cortex Moutan Radicis; Fructus Lycii Chinensis; Flos Chrysanthemi Morifolii

Enriches Yin, Nourishes the essence of the Liver and Kidneys, Brightens eyes, improves vision, Enriches Blood

4286(0.9)

5.7

13.8

San-Qi

Radix Notoginseng

Arrests bleeding, Resolves Blood Stasis, Promotes the circulation of Blood

4254(0.8)

3.3

10.7

Tian-Ma

Rhizoma Gastrodiae

Stops Wind to relieve convulsion, Soothes the Liver, and suppresses hyperactive Liver Yang

4192(0.8)

1.6

11.1

Jia-Wei-Xiao-

Yao-San

Radix Bupleuri Chinensis; Radix Angelicae Sinensis; Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae; Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae; Sclerotium Poriae Cocos; Radix Glycyrrhizae Uralensis; Cortex Moutan Radicis; Fructus Gardeniae Jasminoidis; Herba Menthae Haplocalycis; Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens

Pacifies the Liver, Spreads Liver Qi, Strengthens the Spleen, Nourishes the Blood and Yin, Regulates menstruation, Sedates the Heart, Clears Heat

3984(0.8)

7.5

13.3

Jue-Ming-Zi

Semen Cassiae

Clears Liver Heat, Improves eyesight, Moistens the Intestines to relieve constipation

3949(0.8)

2.1

10.2