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Table 3 Cytotoxic, antileishmanial and protein kinase inhibitory activities of R. punjabensis leaf and stem extracts

From: Appraisal of phytochemical and in vitro biological attributes of an unexplored folklore: Rhus Punjabensis Stewart

Samples

Brine shrimp cytotoxicity

(μg/ml)

Cytotoxicity against leishmanial promastigotes (μg/ml)

THP-1 cytotoxicity (μg/ml)

Protein kinase inhibition (μg/disc)

 

% Mortality

LC50

% Mortality

IC50 (μg/mL)

% Mortality

IC50

*Diameter (mm) at 100 μg/disc

 

200

 

100

 

10

 

Clear zone

Bald zone

Leaf

 n-hex

100 ± 4.10

36.7 ± 0.56

98.2 ± 3.12

15.78 ± 0.77

--

--

7 ± 0.51

--

 CHCl3

98 ± 3.11

38.5 ± 0.65

90.7 ± 3.05

18 ± 0.18

64.2 ± 0.71

7.8*** ± 0.61

6 ± 0.62

--

 Acet

96 ± 3.00

52.2 ± 0.66

95.3 ± 3.18

21.60 ± 0.25***

26.1 ± 0.10

>10

__

9 ± 0.7

 Acet + EtOAc

92 ± 2.75

58.7 ± 0.71***

75 ± 1.19

35.43 ± 0.41

61.9 ± 0.71

8.1** ± 0.71

8 ± 0.73

--

 EtOAc

86 ± 1.31

64.5 ± 0.78

72 ± 1.22

64.50 ± 0.62**

--

--

--

6 ± 0.56

 EtOH

82 ± 1.16

62.7 ± 0.81**

66.4 ± 0.75

75.40 ± 1.17

--

--

--

12.5 ± 1.71***

 MeOH

65 ± 0.75

86.2 ± 1.18e

63.6 ± 0.66

81.60 ± 1.12

40.4 ± 0.61

>10

--

13.5 ± 1.11***

 MeOH+ CHCl3

67 ± 0.71

88.1 ± 1.51

69.3 ± 0.80

77.75 ± 1.23*

35.7 ± 0.21

>10

--

11 ± 0.87**

 EtOH+ CHCl3

62 ± 0.72

87.9 ± 1.30

54.6 ± 0.57

97.8 ± 3.11*

--

--

--

11 ± 0.88**

 EtOH + EtOAc

68 ± 0.81

82.3 ± 1.11*

68.2 ± 0.77

57.41 ± 0.75

--

--

6.5 ± 0.11

--

 MeOH + EtOAcet

57 ± 0.55

93.2 ± 1.75

72.7 ± 1.01

54.55 ± 0.71

--

--

6.6 ± 0.12

--

Stem

 n-hex

100 ± 4.13

39.6 ± 0.65

62.6 ± 0.80

75.74 ± 1.10**

--

--

8 ± 0.75

--

 CHCl3

98 ± 2.16

43.9 ± 0.56b

52.8 ± 0.56

78.72 ± 1.19

54.7 ± 0.71

8.4** ± 0.72

9.5 ± 0.98

--

 Acet

87 ± 1.33

55.1 ± 0.60*

48.1 ± 0.46

>100

52.3 ± 0.70

8.9* ± 0.88

6.5 ± 0.65

--

 Acet + EtOAc

76 ± 1.18

62.7 ± 0.77***

46.6 ± 0.41

>100

--

--

6.5 ± 0.66

--

 EtOAc

78 ± 1.19

59.5 ± 0.56**

49.2 ± 0.51

>100

--

--

8 ± 0.85

--

 EtOH

72 ± 1.15

64.4 ± 0.68

56.7 ± 0.80

97.73 ± 3.15***

--

--

7.5 ± 0.62

--

 MeOH

75 ± 1.17

68.7 ± 0.71**

52.2 ± 0.90

95.58 ± 1.10

--

--

--

12.5 ± 1.12***

 MeOH+ CHCl3

62 ± 0.72

68.3 ± 0.72

28.4 ± 0.07

>100

16.6 ± 0.11

>10

--

8 ± 0.66

 EtOH+ CHCl3

45 ± 0.09

>200

26.7 ± 0.05

>100

--

--

--

10 ± 0.75**

 EtOH + EtOAc

42 ± 0.07

>200

18.7 ± 0.08

>100

--

--

--

9 ± 0.96

 MeOH + EtOAc

48 ± 0.07

>200

14.4 ± 0.07

>100

--

--

7 ± 0.70

--

 Doxorubicin

100 ± 4.10

5.75 ± 0.07

      

 Flourouracil

    

99.6 ± 4.19

5.1 ± 0.11

  

 Vincristine

    

98.1 ± 3.17

8.1 ± 0.92

  

 Surfactin

       

17 ± 1.02

 Amphotercin-B

  

100 ± 4.01

1.36 ± 0.11

 

--

--

--

 1% DMSO in PBS/sea water

--

 

--

 

--

   

 DMSO

       

--

  1. *Zone of inhibition including the diameter of disc (5 mm). Data was analyzed individually in triplicate (n = 1x3). Data is presented as highly significant***, slightly significant**, significant* at p <0.05. --: no activity. LSD and HSD applied in all the data