Fig. 5

Modulatory effect of (a) POL4.Cr, (b) its ingredients and (c) verapamil on force and rate of contraction in isolated guinea-pig atria. Data represent mean ± SEM of 3 to 7 individual experiments using tissues of 4 to 6 animals. *p < 0.05vs control (Unpaired t-test). Abbreviations: POL4.Cr, the crude extract of polyherbal formulation; Ci, the crude extract of C. intybus; Gs, the crude extract of G. sylvestre; Ns, the crude extract of N. sativa; Tfg, the crude extract of T. foenum graecum