Fig. 3

Investigation of the mechanism of anti-HRoV action of R. lanata methanol extract. Panel a shows the evaluation of the virucidal effect of R. lanata methanol extract on infectious HRoV particles. On the y axis, the HRoV Wa infectious titers are expressed as focus-forming units per ml (FFU/ml). Panel b displays the effect of R. lanata methanol extract on Wa binding to the MA104 cell surface; on the y axis, the infectious titer of Wa bound to cells is expressed as a % of the titer bound to control MA104 cells in the absence of treatment. Panel c shows the effect of R. lanata methanol extract on HRoV-Wa entry into MA104 cells; the viral titer measured in the treated samples is expressed as a % of the titer obtained in the untreated control. On the three graphs, error bars represent the SD of the mean of 3 independent experiments.* p < 0.05