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Fig. 4 | BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Fig. 4

From: Cactus (Opuntia humifusa) water extract ameliorates loperamide-induced constipation in rats

Fig. 4

Effects of the CE on histological parameters in the loperamide-induced constipation model. Cross-sections of the distal colon of rats from the NOR (a), CON (b), L-CE (c), and H-CE (d) groups. The arrows indicate the surface mucus thickness. e, Measurement data of the thickness of colonic mucosa. Bars represent the mean ± SD (n = 6). Different letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) among the groups, based on the Tukey’s test. CE, Cheonnyuncho extract; NOR, normal group; CON, constipation control group; L-CE, constipation plus low-dose CE group (3% CE added to drinking water); H-CE, constipation plus high-dose CE group (6% CE added to drinking water)

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