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Fig. 1 | BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Fig. 1

From: Cactus (Opuntia humifusa) water extract ameliorates loperamide-induced constipation in rats

Fig. 1

Effects of the CE on the number of fecal pellets (a) and fecal water content (b) before and after loperamide-induced constipation in a rat model. Bars represent the mean ± SD (n = 6). Different letters on each graph indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) among the groups. The asterisk indicates significant differences between respective groups before and after loperamide treatment, based on the Tukey’s test. CE, Cheonnyuncho extract; NOR, normal group; CON, constipation control group; L-CE, constipation plus low-dose CE group (3% CE added to drinking water); H-CE, constipation plus high-dose CE group (6% CE added to drinking water)

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