Skip to main content

Table 2 Antiviral effects of EBNs and anti-influenza drugs on IAV infected MDCK cells

From: Edible bird’s nest modulate intracellular molecular pathways of influenza A virus infected cells

 

Groups

OD for cell viability

(Mean ± SD)

Virus titer Log2

(Mean ± SD)

Percentage of protection (%)

(Mean ± SD)

Co inoculation

E1 + PR

0.58 ± 0.17

6 ± 0

31.52 ± 24.81abcd

E2 + PR

0.55 ± 0.1

6.67 ± 0.58

27.98 ± 14.62abc

E3 + PR

0.59 ± 0.13

6.33 ± 0.58

33 ± 18.79abcd

E4 + PR

0.53 ± 0.07

6.33 ± 0.58

22.65 ± 9.11abc

AMA + PR

0.64 ± 0.01

3.33 ± 0.58*

39.9 ± 1.71abcde

OSE + PR

0.63 ± 0.05

2.33 ± 0.58*

39.41 ± 8.14abcde

Pre inoculation

E1 + PR

0.53 ± 0.07

6.33 ± 0.58

24.72 ± 10.06abc

E2 + PR

0.54 ± 0.06

6.67 ± 0.58

26.2 ± 8.97abc

E3 + PR

0.61 ± 0.05

6.33 ± 0.58

35.66 ± 7.99abcd

E4 + PR

0.65 ± 0.04*

6.33 ± 0.58

42.17 ± 5.67bcde

AMA + PR

0.5 ± 0.06

6.33 ± 0.58

20.19 ± 8.41ab

OSE + PR

0.52 ± 0.03

5.33 ± 0.58*

22.16 ± 5.19ab

Post inoculation

E1 + PR

0.66 ± 0.05*

5 ± 0*

42.47 ± 8bcde

E2 + PR

0.67 ± 0.06*

5 ± 0*

45.42 ± 8.4cde

E3 + PR

0.78 ± 0.19*

3.33 ± 0.58*

61.1 ± 27.4e

E4 + PR

0.73 ± 0.10*

4.33 ± 0.58*

53.7 ± 15.54de

AMA + PR

0.5 ± 0.07

6.33 ± 0.58

20.19 ± 10.9ab

OSE + PR

0.52 ± 0.03

6.33 ± 0.58

18.71 ± 6.67a

Controls

PR (Control)

0.37 ± 0.19

7 ± 0

 

Negative control

1.04 ± 0.09*

  

EBN1 with no virus

0.8 ± 0.14*

  

EBN2 with no virus

0.81 ± 0.03*

  

EBN3 with no virus

0.87 ± 0.10*

  

EBN4 with no virus

0.8 ± 0.14*

  

Ama with no virus

0.86 ± 0.04*

  

Ose with no virus

0.89 ± 0.00*

  
  1. Note: The results are average of at least 6 replicates for each group
  2. E1 EBN from Teluk Intan with no enzymatic treatment, E2 EBN from Teluk Intan with Pancreatin F treatment, E3 EBN from Gua Madai with no enzymatic treatment, E4 EBN from Gua Madai with neuraminidase treatment, Ama Amantadine hydrochloride, Ose Oseltamivir carboxylate, PR influenza A virus, A/Puerto Rico/8/1934(H1N1)
  3. *Shows significant difference with infected control (PR) (p < 0.05). Different letters on the top of the percentage of protection data show the statistical grouping by Duncan analysis of the treatments (p < 0.05)