Table 2 Patient characteristics based on types of CAM use
From: Complementary and alternative medicine use amongst patients with cardiovascular disease in Singapore
Biologically-based systems (n = 91) | Manipulative and body-based methods (n = 44) | Mind-body interventions (n = 11) | More than 1 type of CAM used (n = 146) | P-valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographics | |||||
Age | 57.3 (9.7) | 57.6 (11.8) | 57.2 (11.0) | 56.6 (11.0) | 0.867 |
Gender | 0.262 | ||||
Male | 68 (74.7 %) | 36 (81.8 %) | 7 (63.6 %) | 98 (67.1 %) | |
Female | 23 (25.3 %) | 8 (18.2 %) | 4 (36.4 %) | 48 (32.9 %) | |
Ethnicity | 0.026 | ||||
Chinese | 72 (79.1 %) | 35 (79.5 %) | 6 (54.5 %) | 118 (80.8 %) | |
Malay | 3 (3.3 %) | 2 (4.5 %) | 0 (0.0 %) | 4 (2.7 %) | |
Indian | 8 (8.8 %) | 2 (4.5 %) | 4 (36.4 %) | 20 (13.7 %) | |
Others | 8 (8.8 %) | 5 (11.4 %) | 1 (9.1 %) | 4 (2.7 %) | |
Education | 0.136 | ||||
≤ Secondary/ITE | 38 (42.7 %) | 15 (34.1 %) | 0 (0.0 %) | 39 (27.1 %) | |
Polytechnic diploma/A Level | 24 (27.0 %) | 15 (34.1 %) | 4 (40.0 %) | 51 (35.4 %) | |
Degree/Post-graduate | 27 (30.3 %) | 14 (31.8 %) | 6 (60.0 %) | 54 (37.5 %) | |
Occupation | 0.751 | ||||
White collar | 37 (54.4 %) | 16 (47.1 %) | 4 (80.0 %) | 62 (55.4 %) | |
Blue collar | 11 (16.2 %) | 8 (23.5 %) | 0 (0.0 %) | 14 (12.5 %) | |
Unemployed/homemaker | 20 (29.4 %) | 10 (29.4 %) | 1 (20.0 %) | 36 (32.1 %) | |
Housing | 0.880 | ||||
≤ 3 room public apartment | 8 (9.6 %) | 4 (10.0 %) | 0 (0.0 %) | 17 (12.7 %) | |
4–5 room public apartment | 40 (48.2 %) | 22 (55.0 %) | 4 (40.0 %) | 63 (47.0 %) | |
Private property | 35 (42.2 %) | 14 (35.0 %) | 6 (60.0 %) | 54 (40.3 %) | |
Smoking | 0.647 | ||||
No | 57 (67.1 %) | 27 (64.3 %) | 8 (72.7 %) | 99 (72.3 %) | |
Ever smoker | 28 (32.9 %) | 15 (35.7 %) | 3 (27.3 %) | 38 (27.7 %) | |
Alcohol | 0.709 | ||||
No | 35 (41.7 %) | 15 (38.5 %) | 6 (54.5 %) | 68 (47.9 %) | |
Ever drinker | 49 (58.3 %) | 24 (61.5 %) | 5 (45.5 %) | 74 (52.1 %) | |
Clinical Characteristics | |||||
BMI | 25.5 (5.6) | 26.3 (5.1) | 24.3 (2.3) | 25.8 (5.3) | 0.906 |
Systolic Blood Pressure | 130.4 (20.1) | 134.0 (17.0) | 122.1 (17.1) | 132.3 (17.6) | 0.484 |
Diastolic Blood Pressure | 69.8 (9.5) | 73.7 (11.3) | 69.1 (10.2) | 71.2 (9.9) | 0.606 |
Diabetes mellitus | 30 (33.0 %) | 9 (20.5 %) | 1 (9.1 %) | 27 (18.5 %) | 0.068 |
Hypertension | 39 (42.9 %) | 27 (61.4 %) | 2 (18.2 %) | 77 (52.7 %) | 0.057 |
Hyperlipidemia | 55 (60.4 %) | 28 (63.6 %) | 6 (54.5 %) | 99 (67.8 %) | 0.749 |
HbA1C (%)b | 6.7 (2.0) | 6.1 (0.8) | 5.6 (0.2) | 6.2 (1.3) | 0.279 |
LDL Cholesterol (mmol/L)c | 2.7 (1.0) | 2.6 (1.0) | 2.4 (0.6) | 2.7 (0.9) | 0.950 |