Table 3 Effects of fermented and non-fermented rice bran on growth, serum, and liver parameters

 Cumulative food intake (g)

398.18 ± 14.73

353.49 ± 32.05

311.63 ± 11.33^*

 Body weight gain (g)

81.21 ± 2.17

77.95 ± 2.91

71.18 ± 3.16^*#

 Epididymal fat mass (g/100 g BW)

1.99 ± 0.03

2.10 ± 0.04

1.72 ± 0.08^*#

 Glucose (mmol/l)

11.17 ± 0.95

7.99 ± 0.40^*

8.31 ± 0.32^*

 Insulin (ng/ml)

4.49 ± 0.35

3.42 ± 0.43

2.28 ± 0.19^*

 AST (IU/l)

187.33 ± 6.96

231.50 ± 16.40^*

189.33 ± 8.04^#

 TC (mg/dl)

80.00 ± 5.50

74.00 ± 2.03

76.17 ± 2.49

 TG (mg/dl)

87.50 ± 3.33

89.33 ± 9.20

73.50 ± 5.94

 LDL-C (mg/dl)

33.83 ± 4.45

27.63 ± 1.07

32.63 ± 2.14

 HDL-C (mg/dl)

28.67 ± 1.33

28.50 ± 0.62

28.83 ± 0.87

 Non-fasting leptin (ng/ml)

1.35 ± 0.10

1.88 ± 0.15

3.46 ± 2.60

 Fasting leptin (ng/ml)

0.95 ± 0.08

0.78 ± 0.07

0.52 ± 0.05^*

 Leptin sensitivity (%)

28.35 ± 6.22

51.48 ± 6.75

59.55 ± 9.52^*

 High molecular adiponectin (μg/ml)

0.85 ± 0.04

1.01 ± 0.06

1.01 ± 0.03^*

 Total adiponectin (μg/ml)

8.70 ± 0.15

8.24 ± 0.14

9.092 ± 0.12^#

 Leptin/adiponectin ratio

0.11 ± 0.01

0.09 ± 0.01

0.05 ± 0.01^*

 Liver TG (mg/g tissue)

24.05 ± 0.78

23.95 ± 3.44

13.75 ± 2.09^*

 Liver TC (mg/g tissue)

3.25 ± 0.21

2.92 ± 0.31

1.61 ± 0.22^*

 Total lipid (mg/g tissue)

82.71 ± 18.26

78.99 ± 6.14

60.69 ± 11.47