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Table 1 Summary of acupuncture for animal PD models

From: Sex differences in acupuncture effectiveness in animal models of Parkinson's disease: a systematic review

First author (year)

Type of animal PD models

Sex of animal PD models

Drugs used to induce PD

Types of acupuncture

Types of acupuncture points

Evaluation of the treatment effectiveness

Bai (2014a) [22]

Undefined

Undefined

6-OHDA

EA

GV20, EX-HN5

DA

Bai (2014b) [8]

Undefined

Male

6-OHDA

EA

GV20, EX-HN5

Caspase-3

Feng (2014) [10]

C57BL/6

Male

MPTP

MA

Undefined

Pole-climbing test, BDNF, TH, DA

Yeo (2013) [19]

C57BL/6

Male

MPTP

MA

GB34, LR3

TH, gene expression

Alvarez-Fischer (2013) [7]

C57BL/6

Male

MPTP

BV

Undefined

DA, DOPAC, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, HVA, TH, rotational test

Ding (2013) [11]

SD

Male

6-OHDA

EA

LI4, LR3

nNOS, GFAP

Wang (2013a) [9]

SD

Male

Rotenone

EA

GV16, LR3

TH, COX-2

Wang (2013b) [23]

SD

Male

Rotenone

EA

GV16, LR3

TH, p-p38 MARK, COX-2

Wang (2013c) [12]

SD

Male

Rotenone

EA

GV16, LR3

TH, SOD, GSH, CAT, MDA

Wang (2013d) [24]

SD

Male

Rotenone

EA

GV16, LR3

UCH-L1, UBE1, Parkin, TH, α-synuclein

Ding (2012) [25]

SD

Male

6-OHDA

EA

LI4, LR3

TH, GFAP, PCNA

Huang (2012) [26]

ICR

Male

MPTP

EA

GB34

Lamp 1, α-synuclein

Lu (2012) [27]

C57BL/6

Male

MPTP

EA

GV20, GV16, GB34

Locomotor counts, swimming test, pole-climbing test

Guo (2012) [28]

SD

Male

6-OHDA

EA

GV20, GV16, GB34

GSH, SOD, MDA, GSH-Px

Yang (2011) [29]

C57BL/6

Male

MPTP

EA

PC7

Pole-climbing test, TH, DA, DOPAC, HVA

Choi (2011) [18]

C57/BL6

Male

MPTP

MA

GB34, LR3

TH, DAT, gene expression

Kim (2011) [30]

C57BL/6

Male

MPTP

BV

ST36

MAC-1, iNOS, TH

Du (2011) [31]

SD

Male

6-OHDA

EA

GV20, GV14

GABA, rotational test

Wang (2011) [32]

C57BL/6

Male

MPTP

EA

ST36, SP6

TH, DA, DOPAC, HVA, SOD, GSH, GSH-Px

Doo (2010) [33]

C57BL/6

Male

MPTP

BV

GB34

TH

Hong (2010) [34]

C57BL/6

Male

MPTP

MA

GB34

Gene expression

Jun (2010) [35]

C57BL/6

Male

MPTP

BV

BL23

TH, caspase-3, iNOS

Kim (2010) [36]

C57BL/6

Male

MPTP

EA

GB34, GB39

DA

Park (2010) [37]

C57BL/6

Male

MPTP

BV

GB39, LI11, BL23

TH, MAC-1, HSP70

Sun (2010) [38]

C57BL/6

Male

MPTP

MA

GV20, GV14

Pole-climbing test, TH, DA, DOPAC

Wang (2010a) [39]

Wistar

Undefined

6-OHDA

EA

GV16, LR3

TH, DA

Wang (2010b) [40]

Wistar

Undefined

6-OHDA

EA

GV16, LR3,CV4, ST36

GDNF

Wang (2010c) [41]

C57/BL6

Male

MPTP

MA

GV20, GV14

Pole-climbing test, TH, DA, NA, DOPAC, 5HIAA, 5HT

Yu (2010) [42]

Wistar

Male

6-OHDA

MA

GB34, LR3, ST36, SP10

Rotational test, SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, GSH, MDA

Huang (2010) [43]

Wistar

Male

6-OHDA

EA

LI4, LR3

Rotational test, BDNF, TrKB

Choi (2009) [21]

C57/BL6

Male

MPTP

MA

LR3, GB34

TH, DAT

Kim (2009) [44]

C57BL/6

Male

MPTP

BV

BL23

TH, MAC-1, HSP70

Wang (2009a) [45]

Wistar

Male, Female

6-OHDA

EA

GV20, EX-NH5

TH, BDNF

Wang (2009b) [46]

Wistar

Male, Female

6-OHDA

EA

GV20, EX-NH5

TH, DAT

Kim (2008) [47]

C57BL/6

Male

MPTP

MA

GB34

TH

Guan (2008) [48]

C57BL/6

Male

MPTP

EA

GV20

Fn

Wang (2008) [49]

Wistar

Male, Female

6-OHDA

EA

GV20, EX-NH5

TH

Jeon (2008) [50]

C57BL/6

Male

MPTP

EA

GB34, SI3, BL62, ST36

Pole-climbing test, TH, DA, BDNF

Xie (2007) [51]

Wistar

Undefined

6-OHDA

MA

GV20

Rotational test, MDA, NO, SOD

Kang (2007) [52]

C57BL/6

Male

MPTP

MA

GB34, LR3

TH, COX-2, iNOS, DA, DOPAC, HVA

Huang (2007) [53]

SD

Male

6-OHDA

MA

GB34, LR3

TH

Luo (2007) [54]

Wistar

Male, Female

6-OHDA

EA

GV20, EX-NH5

NOS

Wang (2007) [55]

SD

Male, Female

6-OHDA

MA

GV20, GV16, GB34

Rotational test, DA

Jin (2006a) [56]

Wistar

Male, Female

6-OHDA

EA

Undefined

GSH, GSH-Px,SOD, MDA, NOS

Jin (2006b) [57]

Wistar

Male, Female

6-OHDA

EA

Undefined

DA, HVA, DOPAC

Ma (2006) [58]

Wistar

Male, Female

6-OHDA

EA

GV16, LR3

Rotational test, DA

Tang (2006) [59]

C57BL/6

Male

MPTP

EA

LI4, LR3

BDNF

Wang (2006) [60]

SD

Male, Female

6-OHDA

EA

GV16, LR6

Glutamic acid

Kim (2006) [61]

C57BL/6

Male

MPTP

MA

LR8, LR4, LR2

TH

Kim (2005) [62]

SD

Undefined

6-OHDA

MA

ST36

Rotational test, TH

Ma (2005) [63]

Wistar

Male, Female

6-OHDA

EA

GV16, LR3

Rotational test, SOD, GSH, GSH-Px

Wang (2005) [64]

Wistar

Undefined

6-OHDA

MA

GV16, LR3, CV4, ST36

TH

Park (2003) [65]

SD

Male

6-OHDA

MA

GB34, LR3, LI4, LI11

Rotational test, TH, TrkB

Liang (2002) [66]

Wistar

Female

MFB transection

EA

GV14, GV21

TH, BDNF

Lin (2000) [67]

SD

Male, Female

6-OHDA

EA

LR3, SP6, ST36, GB34

DA, HVA, DOPAC

He (1998) [68]

SD

Male, Female

6-OHDA

EA

GV20, GV14

DA, NA, 5HT

Zhu (1996) [69]

C57BL/6

Male

MPTP

MA

GV20

DA, DOPAC

  1. Abbreviations: BDNF Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, BV Bee-venom acupuncture, CAT Catalase, Caspase-3: caspase protein, COX-2 Cyclooxygenase-2, DA Dopamine, DAT Dopamine active transporter, DOPAC Dihydroxyphenyl acetic acid, EA Electro-acupuncture, Fn Ferritin, GABA gamma-aminobutyric acid, GDNF Glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor, GFAP Glial fibrillary acidic protein, GSH Glutathione, GSHpx Glutathione peroxidase, HSP70 70 kilo Dalton heat shock proteins, HVA Homovanillic acid, IL-1β Interleukin-1 beta, IL-6 Interleukin-6, iNOS Inducible nitric oxide synthase, Lamp 1 Lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1, MA Manual acupuncture, MAC-1 Macrophage-1 antigen, MDA Malondialdehyde, NO Nitric oxide, nNos Neuronal nitric oxide synthase, MFB Medial forebrain bundle, MPTP 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, p-p38 MARK Phospho-p38 MAPK, PCNA Proliferating cell nuclear antigen, SD Sprague–Dawley, SOD Superoxide dismutase, TH Tyrosine hydroxylase, TNF-α Tumor necrosis factor alpha, TrkB Tropomyosin receptor kinase B, UBE1 Ubiquitin-like Modifier Activating Enzyme 1, UCH-L1 Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase, 5HIAA 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid, 5HT 5-hydroxytryptamine, 6-OHDA 6-hydroxydopamine