Fig. 1
Effect of E. humifusa Willd (EA/EuH) extracts on TNFα-induced IKK phosphorylation. Serum-starved MDA-MB-231 cells were left untreated or treated with n-hexane (Hex), chloroform (CH), ethylacetate (EA), n-butanol (Bu), or aqueous (H2O) fraction (each 5 μg/mL) for 30 min before stimulation with TNFα (10 ng/mL). After 60 min, whole-cell lysates were prepared, and immunoblotting was performed using the phospho-specific antibody against IKKα/β (Ser176/181). The anti-GAPDH antibody was used as an internal control. Band intensities were analyzed using the ImageJ software. TNFα alone treated-band intensities were set to 100 % (control). The relative values of % of control were plotted as the mean ± SD. P values were analyzed by Sidak’s test. (n = 3)