Enhancement of Calibrachoa growth, secondary metabolites and bioactivity using seaweed extracts

Elansary, Hosam O.; Norrie, Jeff; Ali, Hayssam M.; Salem, Mohamed Z. M.; Mahmoud, Eman A.; Yessoufou, Kowiyou

doi:10.1186/s12906-016-1332-5

Table 3 Minimum inhibitory (MIC) and fungicidal concentration (MFC) of the methanolic extract (mg/mL) of Calibrachoa cultivars contents following SWE foliar (Fol) and Drench (Dre) treatments with 5 or 7 mL/plant. Values are expressed as mean of triplicate determinations ± sd

From: Enhancement of Calibrachoa growth, secondary metabolites and bioactivity using seaweed extracts

	SWE treatments	Aspergillus flavus	Candida albicans	Penicillium funiculosum	Penicillium ochrochloron
CHSD	MIC
	FLZ	0.16 ± 0.03b	0.11 ± 0.06c	0.15 ± 0.04c	0.19 ± 0.08c
	KTZ	0.20 ± 0.02a	0.23 ± 0.04a	2.00 ± 0.03a	0.20 ± 0.02c
	CONTROL	0.16 ± 0.002b	0.14 ± 0.007b	0.21 ± 0.002b	0.29 ± 0.001a
	(5 ml) Fol	0.15 ± 0.006bc	0.14 ± 0.003bc	0.21 ± 0.005b	0.29 ± 0.003a
	(7 ml)Fol	0.13 ± 0.002c	0.12 ± 0.003c	0.19 ± 0.006bc	0.25 ± 0.003b
	(5 ml)Dre	0.10 ± 0.001 cd	0.1 ± 0.004 cd	0.16 ± 0.005c	0.21 ± 0.002c
	(7 ml)Dre	0.08 ± 0.004d	0.07 ± 0.001d	0.14 ± 0.001c	0.18 ± 0.001c
	MFC
	FLZ	0.21 ± 0.06c	0.16 ± 0.07d	0.24 ± 0.02d	0.25 ± 0.01d
	KTZ	0.40 ± 0.05a	0.40 ± 0.01a	3.45 ± 0.04a	0.39 ± 0.02a
	CONTROL	0.26 ± 0.001b	0.30 ± 0.001b	0.36 ± 0.001b	0.42 ± 0.001a
	(5 ml) Fol	0.25 ± 0.001b	0.30 ± 0.001b	0.36 ± 0.001b	0.42 ± 0.001a
	(7 ml)Fol	0.22 ± 0.001c	0.27 ± 0.001b	0.33 ± 0.001b	0.40 ± 0.001a
	(5 ml)Dre	0.19 ± 0.001 cd	0.22 ± 0.001c	0.29 ± 0.001c	0.34 ± 0.001b
	(7 ml)Dre	0.16 ± 0.001d	0.16 ± 0.001d	0.24 ± 0.001d	0.29 ± 0.001c
CHSF	MIC
	FLZ	0.16 ± 0.03c	0.11 ± 0.06d	0.15 ± 0.04f	0.19 ± 0.08c
	KTZ	0.20 ± 0.02b	0.23 ± 0.04a	2.00 ± 0.03a	0.20 ± 0.02c
	CONTROL	0.25 ± 0.001a	0.23 ± 0.001a	0.31 ± 0.001b	0.31 ± 0.001a
	(5 ml) Fol	0.21 ± 0.001b	0.20 ± 0.001b	0.24 ± 0.001c	0.27 ± 0.001b
	(7 ml)Fol	0.19 ± 0.001bc	0.19 ± 0.001b	0.21 ± 0.001d	0.24 ± 0.001b
	(5 ml)Dre	0.17 ± 0.001c	0.16 ± 0.001c	0.18 ± 0.001e	0.20 ± 0.001c
	(7 ml)Dre	0.13 ± 0.001d	0.13 ± 0.001d	0.14 ± 0.001f	0.16 ± 0.001d
	MFC
	FLZ	0.21 ± 0.06d	0.16 ± 0.07e	0.24 ± 0.02	0.25 ± 0.01f
	KTZ	0.40 ± 0.05a	0.40 ± 0.01b	3.45 ± 0.04a	0.39 ± 0.02d
	CONTROL	0.35 ± 0.001b	0.45 ± 0.001a	0.50 ± 0.001b	0.56 ± 0.001a
	(5 ml) Fol	0.29 ± 0.001c	0.36 ± 0.001bc	0.43 ± 0.001c	0.50 ± 0.001b
	(7 ml)Fol	0.28 ± 0.001c	0.33 ± 0.001c	0.39 ± 0.001d	0.46 ± 0.001c
	(5 ml)Dre	0.24 ± 0.001d	0.29 ± 0.001 cd	0.36 ± 0.001d	0.38 ± 0.001d
	(7 ml)Dre	0.22 ± 0.001d	0.26 ± 0.001d	0.30 ± 0.001e	0.29 ± 0.001e

Notes: CHSD C. h. ʻ Superbells® Dreamsicleʼ, CHSF C. h. ʻSuperbells® Frost Fireʼ, Dre Drench treatment, Fol Foliar treatment
*Means followed by different letters within a column indicate significant differences between treatments based on LSD test (P ≤ 0.05). The fungicides fluconazole (FLZ) and ketoconazole (KLZ) were used as positive controls

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