Fig. 7

Effect of kaempferol on osteogenic factors associated with autophagy. The relationship between kaempferol-induced autophagy and osteogenic differentiation was confirmed via 3-MA, Western blotting (a, b, c) and real-time PCR (d). 3-MA clearly inhibited both autophagy and the osteogenic factors activated by kaempferol. The data are expressed as the mean ± SD (n=6). The statistical significance of each group was analyzed by a one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD test (*p < 0.01 [LC3-II], #p < 0.01 [SQSTM1/p62], †p < 0.01 [Runx2] and ‡p < 0.01 [Osterix] for the difference between the control compared to the treatment groups)