The anti-arthritic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant activity and relationships with total phenolics and total flavonoids of nine South African plants used traditionally to treat arthritis

Table 2 Inhibitory activities of the nine South African medicinal plants used traditionally in the management of different inflammatory disorders on nitric oxide production and cell viability in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages

Plants	Concentration (μg/mL)	NO (μM)	% NO inhibition	% Macrophage viability
Hypericum roeperianum	100	2.46 ± 0.17	89.72	50.40
	30	4.55 ± 0.25	81.04	89.40
	10	8.28 ± 0.17	65.90	97.53
	2	16.93 ± 1.43	29.41	100
Cremaspora triflora	100	6.15 ± 0.34	74.34	88.22
	30	16.21 ± 0.25	32.39	89.71
	10	18.36 ± 0.76	23.45	97.58
	2	20.32 ± 1.52	15.26	100
Heteromorpha arborescens	100	0.08 ± 1.52	99.65	45.13
	30	2.52 ± 0.08	89.48	82.12
	10	7.52 ± 0.59	68.63	95.90
	2	23.77 ± 0.17	0.87	100
Pittosporum viridiflorum	100	0.32 ± 0.17	98.66	95.66
	30	4.67 ± 0.08	80.54	100
	10	16.69 ± 0.25	30.40	100
	2	24.43 ± 0.25	1.86	100
Bolusanthus speciosus	100	0.44 ± 0.84	98.16	34.25
	30	9.25 ± 0.17	61.43	100
	10	15.32 ± 0.17	36.11	98.35
	2	19.55 ± 0.08	18.49	99.80
Calpurnia aurea	100	1.21 ± 0.25	94.94	60.27
	30	18.60 ± 0.08	22.46	100
	10	21.04 ± 0.00	12.29	96.50
	2	23.30 ± 0.17	2.85	79.51
Maesa lanceolata	100	0.01 ± 0.00	100	9.29
	30	0.20 ± 0.00	99.16	16.96
	10	10.44 ± 0.17	56.47	22.12
	2	12.58 ± 0.17	47.53	69.63
Elaeodendron croceum	100	1.21 ± 0.25	94.94	48.92
	30	6.93 ± 0.25	71.11	69.65
	10	14.31 ± 0.08	40.33	90.22
	2	20.74 ± 0.42	13.53	>100
Morus mesozygia	100	0.20 ± 0.12	99.16	57.07
	30	11.15 ± 0.12	53.49	100
	10	20.68 ± 0.36	13.77	100
	2	23.18 ± 0.12	3.35	95.05
Quercetin	100	0.79 ± 0.00	83.12	37.71
	30	1.10 ± 0.00	100	51.89
	10	1.40 ± 0.00	100	68.79
	2	1.44 ± 0.00	100	66.30

ISSN: 2662-7671