Table 5 Preparation of frequently used pharmacopuncture solutions

Shinbaro 1

Herbal extraction (Cibotium barometz, Saposhnikovia divaricata, Eucommia ulmoides, Acanthopanax sessiliflorus, Ostericum koreanum, Angelica pubescens, Achyranthes japonica, Paeonia lactiflora) using reflux extraction with 70 % spiritus vinosus → progressive purification using alcohol immersion → freeze-drying → dilution → filtering → sterilization

Shinbaro 2

Herbal extraction (Cibotium barometz, Saposhnikovia divaricata, Eucommia ulmoides, Acanthopanax sessiliflorus, Ostericum koreanum, Angelica pubescens, Achyranthes japonica, Paeonia albiflora, Scolopendra subspinipes) using reflux extraction with 70 % spiritus vinosus → progressive purification using alcohol immersion → freeze-drying → dilution → filtering → sterilization

Shinbaro 3

Herbal extraction (Harpagophytum procumbens) extraction using reflux extraction with 70 % spiritus vinosus → progressive purification using alcohol immersion → freeze-drying → dilution → filtering → sterilization

Bee venom

Purification of dried bee venom → freeze-drying → dilution → filtering

Hwangryunhaedok (黃蓮解毒)

Herbal distillation extraction (Coptis japonica, Scutellaria baicalensis, Phellodendron amurense, Gardenia jasminoides) → filtering → sterilization

Joongseongouhyul (中性瘀血)

Herbal distillation extraction (Gardenia jasminoides, Commiphora molmol, Boswellia carterii, Corydalis ternate, Paeonia obovata, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Caesalpina sappan) → filtering → sterilization

Hominis placenta (紫河車)

Hominis placenta extracts approved for herbal medicine preparation → filtering → sterilization

Muscle relaxation

Herbal extraction (Paeonia lactiflora, Glycyrrhiza uralensis) using reflux extraction with 70 % spiritus vinosus → progressive purification using alcohol immersion → freeze-drying → dilution → filtering → sterilization