Fig. 2

GJD inhibits the motility of colorectal cancer cells. a GJD suppresses the migration of colorectal cancer cells. HCT116 cells were treated with different concentrations of GJD (0.1 or 0.3 mg/ml) or with vehicle (PBS), and subjected to a migration assay: upper wells, 1 × 10⁵ cells and 0.2 % BSA; lower wells, 1 % FBS and 10 μl/ml fibronectin. After 48 h, cells were stained and analyzed. The images shown are representative of three independent experiments. The histogram represents the number of migrating cells, which was counted in five chosen areas (mean ± SEM, n = 3). An asterisk indicates a significant difference between the GJD and control groups (**P < 0.01). b GJD suppresses the invasion of colorectal cancer cells. HCT116, Caco2, and CSC221 cells were treated with different concentrations of GJD (0.1 or 0.3 mg/ml) or vehicle (PBS) and subjected to an invasion assay. HCT116 cells were incubated for 48 h: upper wells, 1 × 10⁵ cells and 0.2 % BSA; lower wells, 1 % FBS and 10 μl/ml fibronectin. Caco2 and CSC221 cells were incubated for 24 h: upper wells, 1 × 10⁵ cells and 0.2 % BSA; lower wells, serum free medium and 10 μl/ml fibronectin. The histogram represents the number of invading cells, which was counted in five chosen areas (mean ± SEM, n = 3). An asterisk indicates a significant difference between the GJD and control groups (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01)