Fig. 5

Effects of PST® treatment on stem cell marker (Oct4, KLF4, and Nanog) (a–c), tendon marker (Tenascin C and COL1A1) (d, e), and VEGF (f) expression by Real-Time PCR before a 1-h PST® treatment and at 10, 24, and 48 h post treatment, as compared to untreated controls. Values are expressed as fold-changes relative to untreated cells at time zero (dotted line set at 1). Data are expressed as means ± SD of three different experiments. p-values were calculated using T student test or Wilcoxon test according to data distribution. Only p-values <0.05 are indicated: *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01