Table 1 Published bioactivity and phytochemistry of the studied plants
Species (family); Voucher Numbera | Traditional uses | Parts used (% yield)b | Bioactive or potentially bioactive components | Bioactivity of crude extract |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Albizia adianthifolia (Schum.) (Fabaceae); 24729/SRF/Cam | Treatment skin diseases, bronchitis, inflamed eyes, tapeworm, headaches and sinusitis [33, 34] | Leaves (9.88), bark (10.65) and roots (7.12) | Adianthifoliosides A, B, D [30, 35], lupeol and aurantiamide acetate [32], prosapogenins [31] | Antimicrobial effect of crude extract against Ec, Ef, Pa, Pm, Kp, Sa, Sf, St, Ca, Ct, Ck, Cg, Cl, Cn [32, 36]; aqueous extract: antioxidant [32, 37] |
Alchornea cordifolia (Schum. & Thonn.) Müll.-Arg. (Euphorbiaceae); 9657/SRF/Cam | Treat rheumatic pains, fever, wounds, diarrhea, convulsions, coughs, gonorrhoea, yaws, ulcer, rheumatic pains, bronchial troubles [38, 39] | Leaves (7.84), bark (11.32) and roots (6.23) | Alchornine, alchorneinone, gentisnic acid and yohimbine [38] | Crude extract showed: spasmolytic [38], anti-inflammatory [40], anti-microbial [41],[42], anti-diarrheal [43] and analgesic [44] activities |
Alchornea laxiflora (Benth.) Pax & K Hoffm. (Euphorbiaceae); 9661/SRF/Cam | Treatment of inflammatory and infectious diseases, poliomyelitis and measles. [45, 46] | Leaves (10.21), bark (13.17) and roots (5.58) | Quercetin-7,4′-disulphate, quercetin, quercetin-3′,4′-disulphate, quercetin-3,4′-diacetate, rutin and quercetrin [45] | Methanol fraction of leave extracts : antimicrobial on Ba, Bc, Ec, Kp, Pa, Pf, Sa, Ag, Af, As, Ca, Cp [47],[36]; Crude extract : antioxidant [48] |
Boerhavia diffusa Lin (Nyctaginaceae); 15247/SRF/Cam | Treatment of diabetes, asthma, bronchial infections [49] | Whole plant (11.42) | Boeravinones G, H [50] | Crude extract of leaves: Antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties [51], antimicrobial activity of crude extract agains: Pa, Ec, St, Sf [52], Kp, Ea, Ps [36] |
Combretum hispidum Laws (Combretaceae); 48289/HNC | Treatment of stomach aches, diarrhea, gastro-intestinal disorders, liver complaints, skin infections, urinary tract infections [53–55] | Leaves (14.32), roots (8.47) | Alkaloids, polyphenols, flavonoids, anthraquinones, coumarins, tannins, triterpenes, sterols ans saponins [36] | Crude extract of bark: anti-hepatoxic, anti-inflammatory, antiparasitic, mollucidal effect [56], Antimicrobial effect of crude extract against Ec, Kp, Pa, Ea, Ps [36] |
Eremomastax speciosa (Hochst.) Cufod. (Acanthaceae); 24165/SRF/Cam | Haematopoietic, antidiarrhoeal, antiulcer, treatment of female infertility, dysentery, anemia, irregular menstruation, fracture, hemorrhoids and urinary tract infections [57, 58] | Whole plant (14.69) | Alkaloids, polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins, triterpenes, sterols ans saponins [42] | Antimicrobial effect of crude extract against Ec, Sa, Ca [59], Ec, Pa, Ea, Ps [42] |
Laportea aestuans (Linn.) Chew (Urticaceae); 34812/HNC | Antihelmintic, treatment of headache, syphilitic yaws, fever, gonorrhea, rheumatism, menopausal disorder, antidote, asthma, hypertension, stomachage, diarrhea, wounds [60] | Whole plant (8.82) | Vanilic acid, gallic acid, ferulic acid, (6)-gingerol, capsaicin, rosemamic acid, tannic acid, p-coumaric acid, caffeic acid, scopoletin, catechin, resveratrol, genistein, apigenin, kaempherol, epicatechin, epigallocathechin, ellagic acid, myricitin acid, quercetin- 3, 7, 4-trimethyl ether, quercetin–3,7,3′,4′-trimethyl ether, artemetin, kaempferol–arabinoside, quercitrin, isoquercitrin, naringin, rutin, hesperidin, limonene, α-pinene, β-pinene, cis-ocimene, myrcene, citronellol, neryl acetate, malvidine, lycopene, carotene, lutein, hispogenin, diosgenin, neochlorogenin, hecogenin, [61, 62] | Antimicrobial effect of crude extract against; K, Ec, Sa, Bs, St, Pa, Ca, [61, 63] Ec, Pa, Kp, Ea, Ps [42] |
Laportea ovalifolia (Schum.) Chew (Urticaceae) 44306/HNC | Treatment of headache, internal ulcers, diabetes, bronchitis and wired [64, 65] | Leaves (12.13) and roots (6.17) | Laportoside A and laportomide A [66] | Crude extract of leaves: antidiabetic and hypolipidaemic effects [65], and crude extract against Ec, Kp, Pa, Ea, Ps [36] |
Pennisetum purpureum Schumach. (Poaceae); 12525/SRF/Cam | Diuretic, antivenomous, treatment of measles, wound healing [67] | Whole plant (8.82) | Alkaloids, polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins, triterpenes, sterols ans saponins [42] | Antimicrobial effect of EO: Ec, Pa [67] and crude extract against Ec, Kp, Pa, Ea, Ps [42] |
Spathodea campanulata P. Beauv. (Bignoniaceae) 22791/SRF/Cam | Treatment of mental disorders, malaria, hemorrhoids, bacterial infections, HIV, poor blood circulation, gastro-intestinal diseases, urinary tract disorders [68] | Leaves (16.13), bark (15.27) and roots (11.41) | Carbohydrates, alkaloids, tannins, iridoid glucoside, phydroxy-benzoic acid, methyl p-hydroxy-benzoate [68, 69] | Antimicrobial effect of against Pv, Ec, Kp [70], Pa, Ea, Ps [42] |