Hepatoprotective activity of ethanolic extract of Salix subserrata against CCl4-induced chronic hepatotoxicity in rats

Table 2 Effect of SFEE on the levels of liver biomarkers compared to silymarin after CCl₄ intoxication

	Group I	Group II	Group III	Group IV
	Control	CCl4	CCl4 + SFEE (150 mg/kg)	CCl4 + Silymarin (100 mg/kg)
Albumin (mg/dl)	4.7 ± 0.034	3.2 ± 0.45⁺⁺⁺	4.7 ± 0.087**	4.5 ± 0.17**
Cholesterol (mg/dl)	72 ± 3.1	130 ± 12⁺⁺⁺	72 ± 2.5***	68 ± 3.5***
Bilirubin (mg/dl)	0.11 ± 0.045	0.39 ± 0.03⁺⁺⁺	0.11 ± 0.031***	0.087 ± 0.033**
Triglyceride (mg/dl)	71 ± 4.1	130 ± 6.9⁺⁺⁺	80 ± 6.8***	75 ± 6.7***
ALT (U/L)	40 ± 3.1	100 ± 6.9	41 ± 2.4***	42 ± 2.2***
AST (U/L)	100 ± 5.9	240 ± 23	110 ± 5.1***	110 ± 4.0***
ALP (U/L)	24 ± 1.9	160 ± 10.6⁺⁺⁺	28.5 ± 2.1***	26 ± 1.4***
LDH (U/L)	570 ± 42	1200 ± 56⁺⁺⁺	580 ± 52***	600 ± 59***

Values represent Mean ± SEM (n = 10)
ALT Alanine aminotransferase, AST Aspartate aminotransferase, ALP Alkaline phosphatase, GSH Total thiol, LDH Lactate dehydrogenase
***p < 0.001 (compared to CCl4 (group II)) and ⁺⁺⁺ p < 0.001 (compared to control group I). No significant difference (p = 0.3 or higher) between group III (150 mg/kg SFEE) and group IV (silymarin), using one-way ANOVA test followed by Tukey-Kramer test
**p < 0.01

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