Fig. 5
Inhibitory effect of OMT on ALD-induced expression of Smad-2,-3, and-4 in cardiac fibroblasts. Cardiac fibroblasts were pretreated with 7.57 × 10−4 mol/L [High] or 3.78 × 10−4 mol/L [Low] OMT or without OMT for 2 h, and then coincubated with ALD (1 × 10−8 mol/L) for 46 h. Western blotting analysis of (a) Smad-2, (b) Smad-3 and (c) Smad-4. Results are means ± SEM of three independent experiments. (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs. control cells; # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01 vs. ALD alone, n = 4)